Abstract
Polyploidy and dysploidy have been reported as the main events in karyotype evolution of plants. In the genus Phaseolus L. (2n = 22), a small monophyletic group of three species, the Leptostachyus group, presents a dysploid karyotype with 2n = 20. It was shown in Phaseolus leptostachyus that the dysploidy was caused by a nested chromosome fusion (NCF) accompanied by several translocations, suggesting a high rate of karyotype evolution in the group. To verify if this karyotype restructuring was a single event or occurred progressively during the evolution of this group, we analysed P. macvaughii, sister to Phaseolus micranthus + P. leptostachyus. Twenty-four genomic clones of P. vulgaris previously mapped on P. leptostachyus, in addition to the 5S and 35S rDNA probes, were used for fluorescence in situ hybridization. Only a single rearrangement was common to the two species: the nested chromosome fusion (NCF) involving chromosomes 10 and 11. The translocation of chromosome 2 is not the same found in P. leptostachyus, and pericentric inversions in chromosomed 3 and 4 were exclusive of P. macvaughii. The other rearrangements observed in P. leptostachyus were not shared with this species, suggesting that they occurred after the separation of these lineages. The presence of private rearrangements indicates a progressive accumulation of karyotype changes in the Leptostachyus group instead of an instant genome-wide repatterning.
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Abbreviations
- BAC:
-
Bacterial artificial chromosome
- Chr:
-
Chromosome
- DAPI:
-
4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
- FISH:
-
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
- NCF:
-
Nested Chromosome Fusion
- Mya:
-
Million years ago
- rDNA:
-
Ribosomal DNA
- Ple :
-
Phaseolus leptostachyus
- Pma :
-
Phaseolus macvaughii
- Pvu :
-
Phaseolus vulgaris
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Embrapa Arroz e Feijão (Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil) and the International Center of Tropical Agriculture – CIAT (Cali, Colombia), for seed supply; Paul Gepts (University of California, Davis, USA) for supplying the BAC clones from P. vulgaris; and Valérie Geffroy (Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France) for the bacteriophage SJ19.12 from P. vulgaris. The authors also thank Gustavo Souza for help with image editing, as well as Tiago Ribeiro and Thiago Henrique do Nascimento for critical reading of the manuscript. We are also thankful to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq and CAPES (Coordenação de Pessoal de Nível Superior: Finance Code001) Brazil, for financial support.
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The present study received financial support and fellowships from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and CAPES (Coordenação de Pessoal de Nível Superior: Finance Code 001).
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MEF: performed experiments, organized the figures, and drafted the manuscript. AF: analysed and discussed the data. APH: designed and supervised the research and corrected the manuscript. All authors read, discussed, and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Key message
After a nested chromosome fusion (NCF) and consequent dysploidy, successive and independent rearrangements differentiated the chromosome complements of two species of the Leptostachyus group in a relatively short period of time.
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Ferraz, M.E., Fonsêca, A. & Pedrosa-Harand, A. Multiple and independent rearrangements revealed by comparative cytogenetic mapping in the dysploid Leptostachyus group (Phaseolus L., Leguminosae). Chromosome Res 28, 395–405 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-020-09644-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-020-09644-z