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Stolephorus acinaces, a new anchovy from northern Borneo, and redescription of Stolephorus andhraensis Babu Rao, 1966 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)

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Abstract

Stolephorus acinaces sp. nov. is described from 14 specimens from the northern coast of Borneo, Malaysia. The new species is closely related to Stolephorus andhraensis Babu Rao, 1966, which is redescribed, both species having a long upper jaw with the posterior tip beyond the posterior margin of the preopercle, no predorsal scutes, the posterior preopercular margin indented and concave, the posterior tip of the depressed pelvic fin not reaching to a vertical through the dorsal-fin origin, no dark lines on the dorsum, and no black spots below the eye. However, the former is distinguished from S. andhraensis in having higher gill raker counts on the first and second gill arches (14–16 + 21–23 = 36–38 and 9–11 + 18–20 = 27–31, respectively vs. 14–16 + 19–21 = 33–37 and 8–11 + 16–19 = 26–29, respectively in S. andhraensis), a longer caudal peduncle (19.7–21.9% SL vs. 16.9–19.9%), longer pectoral fin (14.3–15.2% SL vs. 12.8–14.4%), and shorter pelvic fin (6.7–7.6% SL vs. 7.4–8.9%). A molecular analysis showed that S. acinaces sp. nov. is the sister group of the clade (S. andhraensis, Stolephorus tamilensis Gangan, Pavan-Kumar, Jahageerdar & Jaiswar, 2020, and S. acinaces sp. nov. has about 7% mean p-distance divergence in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene with each of the two species of this clade.

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Acknowledgments

We thank O. Crimmen and J. Maclaine (BMNH), D. Catania and M. Hoang (CAS), S. Kimura (FRLM), W.-J. Chen and M. Lin (NTUM), A. Bosman and D. Clarke (SAM), J. Williams, K. Murphy, S. Raredon, and D. Pitassy (USNM), and S. S. Mishra (ZSI) for opportunities to examine specimens of Stolephorus. We also thank Y. Haraguchi and other volunteers, and students of KAUM for their curatorial assistance, and G. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand), for reading the manuscript and providing help with English. Finally, we thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments which helped to improve this manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19K236910001, Grant-in-Aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for JSPS Fellows (DC2: 29-6652) and the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society (28-745) to HH; JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP19770067, JP26241027, JP24370041, JP23580259, and 20H03311; the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan; “Establishment of Research and Education Network on Biodiversity and Its Conservation in the Satsunan Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; the “Island Research” project by Kagoshima University to HM; and a short-term research grant 304/PBIOLOGI/6315400 from Universiti Sains Malaysia to SL.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan

    Harutaka Hata

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Sébastien Lavoué

  3. The Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Hiroyuki Motomura

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  1. Harutaka Hata
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  2. Sébastien Lavoué
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  3. Hiroyuki Motomura
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Correspondence to Harutaka Hata.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies had been obtained by the authors from competent authorities and are listed in the acknowledgements, if applicable.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

Author contribution

SL collected the type specimens. HH and SL collected the specimen data and wrote the manuscript. HH and HM designed the research. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Communicated by R. Thiel

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Hata, H., Lavoué, S. & Motomura, H. Stolephorus acinaces, a new anchovy from northern Borneo, and redescription of Stolephorus andhraensis Babu Rao, 1966 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Mar. Biodivers. 50, 102 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01115-2

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