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Experiment and multiphase CFD simulation of gas-solid flow in a CFB reactor at various operating conditions: Assessing the performance of 2D and 3D simulations

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Abstract

Accurate prediction of gas-solid flow hydrodynamics is key for the design, optimization, and scale-up of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with two-dimensional (2D) domain has been routinely used, considering the computational costs involved in three-dimensional (3D) simulations. This work evaluated the prediction capability of 2D and 3D gas-solid flow simulation in the lab-scale CFB riser section. The difference between 2D and 3D CFD simulation predictions was assessed and discussed in detail, considering several flow variables (superficial gas velocity, solid circulation rate, and secondary air injection). The transient Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model was used. CFD simulation results were validated through an in-house experiment. The comparison between the experimental data and both computational domains shows that the 3D simulation can accurately predict the axial solid holdup profile. The CFD simulation comparison considering several flow conditions clearly indicated the limitation of the 2D simulation to accurately predict key hydrodynamic features, such as high solid holdup near the riser exit and riser bottom dense region. The accuracy of 2D and 3D simulations was further assessed using root-mean-square error calculation. Results indicated that the 3D simulation predicts flow behavior with higher accuracy than the 2D simulation.

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Abbreviations

CD :

drag coefficient, dimensionless

dp :

mean diameter of particle [µm]

D:

riser diameter [m]

ess :

particle-particle restitution coefficient

ew :

particle-wall restitution coefficient

Gs :

solid circulation rate [kg/m2s]

g:

gravitational acceleration [m/s2]

g0, ss :

radial distribution function

H:

riser Height [m]

hi :

secondary air injection height

Iv :

solid inventory [kg]

\({{\rm{k}}_{{\theta _s}}}\) :

diffusion coefficient for granular energy [kg/m s]

pi :

pressure [Pa]

ΔP/ΔL:

pressure drop gradient [Pa/m]

qs :

granular temperature flux at the wall

Rei :

Reynolds number

Ug :

superficial gas velocity [m/s]

\({\overrightarrow {\rm{U}} _{\rm{s}}}\) :

particle slip velocity parallel to the wall

vi :

velocity [m/s]

α i :

volume fraction of phase i

α s, max :

solid volume fraction at maximum packing

\({\gamma _{{\theta _s}}}\) :

collisional dissipation of energy [kg/m3s]

θ i :

granular temperature [m2/s2]

λ s :

solid bulk viscosity [kg/s/m]

μ i :

shear viscosity [kg/s/m]

ρ i :

density [kg/m3]

τ i :

stress tensor for phase i [Pa]

β gs :

gas-solid phase interphase momentum exchange coefficient [kg/m3s]

φ :

specularity coefficient

ϕ gs :

transfer rate of energy [kg/m3s]

col:

collisional

fr:

frictional

g:

gas phase

kin:

kinetic

s:

solid phase

ss:

solid-solid

w:

wall

2D, 3D:

two-dimensional, three-dimensional

CFD:

computational fluid dynamics

CFB:

circulating fluidized bed

SAR:

secondary air injection ratio

SIMPLE:

semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations

TFM:

two-fluid model

RMSE:

root mean square error

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Acknowledgements

This work was conducted under the framework of the Research and Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) (B4-2433-02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Energy and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea

    Mukesh Upadhyay, Myung Won Seo & Jong-Ho Park

  2. Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Korea

    Mukesh Upadhyay, Myung Won Seo & Jong-Ho Park

  3. School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India

    Parlikkad Rajan Naren

  4. School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thanh Dang Binh Nguyen

  5. Energy System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea

    Kashif Rashid

  6. School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Korea

    Mukesh Upadhyay & Hankwon Lim

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  1. Mukesh Upadhyay
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Correspondence to Myung Won Seo or Jong-Ho Park.

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Upadhyay, M., Seo, M.W., Naren, P.R. et al. Experiment and multiphase CFD simulation of gas-solid flow in a CFB reactor at various operating conditions: Assessing the performance of 2D and 3D simulations. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 2094–2103 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0646-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0646-7

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