Abstract
With significantly enhanced irradiation resistance, high-temperature strength, and creep resistance, oxide-dispersion-strengthened tungsten (ODS-W) alloys present tremendous potential for high-temperature applications. However, the oxide particles tend to segregate at W grain boundary and grow up (even to micron), greatly suppressing their strengthening effect. It is always a great challenge to effectively refine and disperse the oxide particles at W grain boundary. Here, we successfully developed a new type of cation-doped W-Y2O3 alloy via a wet chemical method and subsequent low-temperature sintering. It was found that proper cation doping could not only significantly refine the intergranular Y2O3 second phase particles but also dramatically improve the sinterability of W matrix. These doping effects, as a result, simultaneously enhance the strength and ductility of the W-Y2O3 alloy. It was confirmed that the segregation of cation dopants at the W/Y2O3 interface is the origin of these doping effects. Furthermore, X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) analyses confirmed that cation dopant segregation also obviously affects the chemical bonding (i.e., W-O bond) along the W/Y2O3 interface. As a result, the rate-limiting mechanism for W grain growth is influenced remarkably, explaining well the difference of W grain size in various cation-doped W-Y2O3 alloys. For the refinement of intergranular Y2O3 particles, it can be understood well from both thermodynamic and kinetic views. Detailedly, W/Y2O3 interfacial energy and atom mobility for Y2O3 coarsening are all limited by cation dopant segregation. More importantly, this cation-doping approach can also be applicable to other ODS alloys for enhancing their comprehensive mechanical properties.
摘要
氧化物弥散强化钨合金(ODS-W)因具有显著提升的抗辐照 能力、高温强度以及抗蠕变性能而展现出巨大的高温应用潜力. 然而, 分散在合金中的氧化物第二相颗粒容易在钨晶界处团聚并 长大(甚至到微米尺寸), 这大大抑制了它们对钨合金的强化效果. 目前, 如何有效细化和分散钨晶界处的氧化物第二相颗粒一直是 人们面临的巨大挑战. 在本文中, 我们通过共沉积湿化学法和后续 低温烧结成功制备出一种新型的离子掺杂的氧化钇弥散强化钨合 金. 结果发现, 合适的离子掺杂不仅可以显著细化晶界处的氧化钇 颗粒, 而且可以改善钨基体的烧结特性. 这些掺杂效应最终同时提 高了钨合金的强度和韧性. 经过分析可以确认离子掺杂剂在钨/氧 化钇界面处的偏析是这些掺杂效应的起源. 此外, 经X射线光电子 发射光谱(XPS)表征发现, 离子掺杂剂偏析能显著改变钨/氧化钇界 面的化学键合状态(即W–O键), 进而使控制W晶粒生长的表面扩散 机制也受到影响, 这很好地解释了不同离子掺杂的钨合金中产生 的晶粒尺寸差异. 至于钨晶界处氧化钇的细化, 可以从动力学和热 力学的角度来解释. 在热力学方面, 钨/氧化钇界面能降低了氧化钇 粒子长大的驱动力. 在动力学方面, 离子掺杂剂的界面偏析降低了 氧化钇分子的移动能力. 更重要的是, 离子掺杂的方法也能应用于 其他的氧化物弥散强化合金来提高他们的综合力学性能.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51822404), the Science and Technology Program of Tianjin (19YFZCGX00790 and 18YFZCGX00070), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (18JCYBJC17900) and the Seed Foundation of Tianjin University (2018XRX-0005).
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Dong Z designed the processing route and experiments and wrote the manuscript; Ma Z synthesized the materials and implemented the mechanical testing experiments; Yu L carried out the TEM experiments; Liu Y performed the density functional theory calculation. All authors contributed to the discussion, interpretation and presentation of the results.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Zhi Dong was born in 1993 in Shanxi Province, China. He acquired his master’s degree (in 2017) from the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China. Since 2018, he has been studying for his PhD in materials science in Tianjin University. He is currently working on the research into oxide-dispersion-strengthened tungsten alloys, including composite powder fabrication, low-temperature activated sintering and performance test.
Zongqing Ma was born in 1983 in Shandong Province, China. In 2011, he obtained his PhD degree in materials science from Tianjin University, China. He is currently a full-time professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China. He has been doing research on the preparation of high-performance functional/structural materials via powder metallurgy. His interest mainly focuses on the fabrication of composite powders and their sintering characteristics.
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Enhanced mechanical properties in oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloys achieved via interface segregation of cation dopants
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Dong, Z., Ma, Z., Yu, L. et al. Enhanced mechanical properties in oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloys achieved via interface segregation of cation dopants. Sci. China Mater. 64, 987–998 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1481-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1481-0