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Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural Phase Transformations and Band Gap Reduction for Photocatalytic Activity of Mesopores TiO2 Nanocatalysts

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Abstract

The titanium dioxide nanocatalyst (TiO2:NC) was fabricated by chemical precipitation method and annealed at different temperatures. The texture parameters was estimated by Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) utilizing nitrogen adsorption–desorption data. The crystal phase transition, enhanced crystallinity and increase in crystallite sizes with temperature were studied by using X-ray diffractograms (XRD). Coinciding with an increase in crystallite size supervising annealing temperatures, the surface area of the TiO2:NC decreases. The average grain size as calculated from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) initially decreases with increasing annealing temperature (300 °C), whereas further increase in annealing temperature (600 °C), is accompanied by the increase in grain size. A red shift was observed in the diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) caused by a decrease in band gap energy with rising annealing temperatures. The chemical composition was examined by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies. All the annealed TiO2:NC samples were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of rhodamine 6G (R6G) under simulated solar light source. The TiO2:NC annealed at 600 °C have a higher degradation rate constant than the other samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan

    Sirajul Haq, Abdul Rehman Khan,  Zain-ul-Abdin, Salah Ud Din & Muhammad Hafeez

  2. Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium

    Sirajul Haq & Vera Meynen

  3. Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan

    Wajid Rehman

  4. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Waseem

  5. Department of Electrical Engineering, NUST College of EME, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Saif Ullah Awan

  6. Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Shahzad Hussain

  7. US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Naseem Iqbal

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  1. Sirajul Haq
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  2. Wajid Rehman
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Haq, S., Rehman, W., Waseem, M. et al. Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural Phase Transformations and Band Gap Reduction for Photocatalytic Activity of Mesopores TiO2 Nanocatalysts. J Inorg Organomet Polym 31, 1312–1322 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01810-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01810-4

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