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Structural Analysis of Sex Pheromones and Attractants in Zygaenidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera): Biochemical and Evolutionary Aspects

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Abstract

The review addresses the data on the chemical composition and structure of all known sex pheromones and attractants in Zygaenidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera). We made an attempt to track possible pathways of the evolution of attractant molecules and to reveal structural features that determine their biological activity. Currently, the structure of sex pheromones and sex attractants is well known for two of the five Zygaenidae subfamilies. Sex attractants of Zygaeninae are esters of acetic acid and fatty alcohols, while in Procridinae they are esters of 2-butanol and higher carboxylic (fatty) acids. Hydrocarbon radicals of fatty alcohols and acids of the known attractant molecules in Zygaenidae contain an even number of carbon atoms (12, 14, 16) and typically one double bond. Species specificity of the chemical signal owes not only the qualitative composition but also the quantitative ratio of components of the pheromone/attractant mixture.

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  1. V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia

    K. A. Efetov & E. E. Kucherenko

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Correspondence to K. A. Efetov or E. E. Kucherenko.

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Authors of this study have no conflict of interest. All applicable international, national and institutional principles of handling and using experimental animals for scientific purposes were observed.

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Efetov, K.A., Kucherenko, E.E. Structural Analysis of Sex Pheromones and Attractants in Zygaenidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera): Biochemical and Evolutionary Aspects. J Evol Biochem Phys 56, 381–395 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093020050014

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