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Seed-specific expression of TaYUC10 significantly increases auxin and protein content in wheat seeds

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Abstract

Key message

Present study revealed that specific expression of TaYUC10.3 in wheat young seeds could increase the content of auxin, and protein.

Abstract

Auxin is a vital endogenous hormone in plants, which is involved in the regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. The flavin-containing monooxygenase encoded by the YUCCA gene is a rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptophan-dependent pathway of auxin synthesis. TaYUC10.3 was identified, cloned and found that it was abundantly expressed in wheat young seeds. In this study, a seed-specific expression vector of TaYUC10.3 was constructed with the promoter of 1Bx17 glutenin subunit gene and transformed wheat using the particle bombardment method. The quantitative RT-PCR showed that TaYUC10.3 was expressed in a large amount in young seeds of the transgenic lines. Plant hormone-targeted metabolomics showed that the auxin content of the transgenic lines was significantly increased compared with controls. The GC / MS non-targeted metabolite multiple statistical analyses showed that the variable importance in projection (VIP) of tryptophan reduced in the transgenic lines. Simultaneously, the VIP of indole acetic acid increased. The precursor amino acids for synthesizing some proteins and carbohydrates were upregulated in the transgenic lines. Subsequently, it was found that the protein content of the seeds of the transgenic TaYUC10.3 wheat was significantly higher than that of the control. The wet gluten content and sedimentation value of the transgenic TaYUC10.3 wheat were also high. This result indicated that TaYUC10.3 might participate in auxin synthesis and affects the protein content of wheat seeds.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ACC:

1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid

EI:

Electron bombardment ion source

ESI:

Electrospray ion source

FC:

Fold change

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IAA-Ala:

N-(3-Indolylacetyl)-l-alanine

MRM:

Multiple reaction monitoring

OPLS-DA:

Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis

QC:

Quality control

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions

RPT:

Response permutation testing

SA:

Jasmonic acid

SA:

Salicylic acid

VIP:

Variable important in projection

ZT:

Trans-zeatin

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771777); the Key R & D program of Shandong Province (Public Welfare Special) (2018GSF121008); Shandong “Double Tops” Program; the Major Basic Research Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (2017C03); and the Overseas Visiting Programme for Graduate Mentors of Shandong province.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, China

    Yanlin Yang, Na Li, Wenrong Hui, Binjie Yuan, Pan Fan, Jingxia Liu, Honggang Wang & Deshun Feng

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  1. Yanlin Yang
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  2. Na Li
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  7. Honggang Wang
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  8. Deshun Feng
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Contributions

YY performed most of the experiments, analyzed the corresponding results and wrote this paper. NL constructed the expression vector. WH made the transformation. BY made the seeds quality analysis. PF and JL made phytohormone analysis. HW and DF supervised this whole process. DF designed the experiment and reviewed this paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deshun Feng.

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Communicated by Chun-Hai Dong.

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Table S1 Primers used to analysis genes expression for qRT-PCR and identification of transgenic wheat (XLSX 9 kb)

299_2020_2631_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx

Table S2 Data for volcano plot analysis of differentially expressed metabolites in the group Y325 and Bobwhite (XLSX 17 kb)

299_2020_2631_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx

Table S3 Data for volcano plot analysis of differentially expressed metabolites in the group Y375 and Bobwhite (XLSX 16 kb)

Table S4 Differentially expressed metabolites in the Y325 and Bobwhite, and the Y375 and Bobwhite group (XLSX 35 kb)

Table S5 KEGG functional categories of differentially expressed metabolites in the Y325 and Bobwhite group (XLSX 19 kb)

Table S6 KEGG functional categories of differentially expressed metabolites in the Y375 and Bobwhite group (XLSX 18 kb)

299_2020_2631_MOESM7_ESM.xlsx

Table S7 Conjoint analysis of differentially metabolites only show P < 0.05 in the Y325 and Bobwhite, and the Y375 and Bobwhite groups (XLSX 108 kb)

299_2020_2631_MOESM8_ESM.jpg

Figure S1 Identification of transgenic TaYUC10.3 Bobwhite. (A) Identification of Bar gene using primer pair BarF/R. M: DL2000 Marker; 1–8: transgenic wheats; 9: Bobwhite; 10: ddH2O; (B) Identification of TaYUC10.3 gene using primer pair YUC1F/R. M: DL2000 Marker; 1–6: transgenic wheats; 7: Bobwhite; 8: ddH2O (JPG 18 kb)

299_2020_2631_MOESM9_ESM.jpg

Figure S2 Statistics of seed length and width of transgenic TaYUCCA Bobwhite. (A) Statistics of seed length of transgenic TaYUCCA Bobwhite; (B) statistics of seed width of transgenic TaYUCCA Bobwhite. The seeds from greenroom were took out 30 seeds in different period, and similar results were obtained. Different letters above the bars indicated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) as obtained by one-way ANOVA (LSD-Duncan method) (JPG 18 kb)

299_2020_2631_MOESM10_ESM.jpg

Figure S3 Heat map of young seedmetabolite levels in transgenic TaYUC10.3 wheat young seed. (A) Heatmap and cluster analysis of the seed metabolites of Y325 & Bobwhite. (B) Heatmap and cluster analysis of the seed metabolites of Y375 & Bobwhite. GC–MS measured metabolites from immature seeds. Data are mean values of six independent biological replicates (JPG 18 kb)

299_2020_2631_MOESM11_ESM.jpg

Figure S4 The statistics of some agronomics traits of transgenic TaYUCCA10.3 wheat Y325 and Y375 and the control Bobwhite. Supplementary material 11 (JPG 18 kb)

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Yang, Y., Li, N., Hui, W. et al. Seed-specific expression of TaYUC10 significantly increases auxin and protein content in wheat seeds. Plant Cell Rep 40, 301–314 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02631-y

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