Abstract
Oilfield produced water is one of the vast amounts of wastewater that pollute the environment and cause serious problems. In this study, the produced water was treated in a microbial fuel cell (MFC), and response surface methodology and central composite design (RSM/CCD) were used as powerful tools to optimize the process. The results of two separate parameters of sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) as well as nanocomposite composition (CNT/Pt) on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and power generation were discussed. The nanocomposite was analyzed using XRD, SEM, and TEM. Moreover, the degree of sulfonation (DS) was measured by NMR. A quadratic model was utilized to forecast the removal of COD and power generation under distinct circumstances. To obtain the maximum COD removal along with maximum power generation, favorable conditions were achieved by statistical and mathematical techniques. The findings proved that MFC could remove 92% of COD and generate 545 mW/m2 of power density at optimum conditions of DS=80; and CNT/Pt of 14 wt% CNT- 86 wt% Pt.
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Abbreviations
- \({{\rm{A}}_{{H_E}}}\) :
-
peak area of the different HE signal
- \({{\rm{A}}_{{H_{A,\,{A^\prime},\,B,\,{B^\prime},\,C,\,D}}}}\) :
-
peak area of the signals corresponding to all the other aromatic hydrogen
- ANOVA:
-
analysis of the variance
- AP:
-
adequate precision
- b:
-
number of electrons exchanged per mole of oxygen
- CCD:
-
central composite design
- CE:
-
coulombic efficiency
- COD:
-
chemical oxygen demand
- DF:
-
degree of freedom
- DS:
-
degree of sulfonation
- F:
-
Faraday’s constant
- F-value:
-
fisher variation ratio
- I:
-
current [amps]
- M:
-
molecular weight of oxygen
- MFC:
-
microbial fuel cell
- n:
-
number of HE per repeat unit
- ORR:
-
oxygen reduction reaction
- P:
-
power density
- PEM:
-
proton exchange membrane
- PEEK:
-
poly ether ether ketone
- p-value:
-
probability value
- R:
-
external resistance [ohm]
- R2 :
-
coefficient of determination
- RSM:
-
response surface methodology
- SPEEK:
-
sulfonated poly ether ether ketone
- V:
-
voltage [volt]
- Van :
-
volume of liquid in the anode compartment
- ΔCOD:
-
change in COD over time, ‘t’
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Acknowledgement
The authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to the Chemical Engineering Section at the Faculty of Engineering of the Sohar University of Oman for their kind supports.
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Mohammadi, M., Sedighi, M., Natarajan, R. et al. Microbial fuel cell for oilfield produced water treatment and reuse: Modelling and process optimization. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 72–80 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0674-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0674-3