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Romans Shape Today’s Vegetation and Soils: Two Millennia of Land-Use Legacy Dynamics in Mediterranean Grasslands

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Abstract

Archeological investigations in one of the most species-rich French Mediterranean dry grasslands (La Crau, Southern France) revealed a dense network of ancient sheep corrals dating from Roman to modern times. By analyzing soil chemistry and vegetation across abandonment dates spanning two millennia, we bring to light a persisting signature of Roman, eighteenth century and modern corrals on present-day ecosystems. Community composition and species-richness reflect time after abandonment of sheep stables and are linked to long-term persistence of eutrophication from historical sheep concentrations. Our data highlight changes in vegetation that persist two millennia after human impacts ceased. Small-scale pastoral legacies from Roman times continue to have significant impacts on present-day herbaceous plant communities. Our findings point to a need for greater consideration of persisting eutrophication in dry grasslands and of the conservation value of these long-term legacies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank local nature conservation authorities, CEN-PACA, Crau Nature Reserve and Department of Culture and Archaeology (DRAC) for authorizing site access; we are grateful to Otello Badan and Gaetan Congès for identifying archaeological remains and to Jean-Paul Dupouey for the 15N analyses at INRAE (Nancy, France). We thank Marjorie Sweetko for English language revision.

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  1. Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Faculté St-Jérôme - Case 421, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France

    Arne Saatkamp

  2. Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Site Agroparc, BP 1207, 84911, Avignon Cedex 9, France

    Frédéric Henry & Thierry Dutoit

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  1. Arne Saatkamp
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AS analyzed data; AS and TD wrote the paper. TD, AS and FH conceived and designed the study, TD and FH performed research.

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Saatkamp, A., Henry, F. & Dutoit, T. Romans Shape Today’s Vegetation and Soils: Two Millennia of Land-Use Legacy Dynamics in Mediterranean Grasslands. Ecosystems 24, 1268–1280 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00581-w

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