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Co-immobilized spore laccase/TiO2 nanoparticles in the alginate beads enhance dye removal by two-step decolorization

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Abstract

Combinatorial application of different dye removal methods with specific features can lead to a novel and robust decolorizing system. In this study the bacterial spore laccase and TiO2 nanoparticles were co-entrapped to enhance dye degradation. The optimum entrapment conditions were achieved in the presence of alginate 2% (w/v) and Ca2+ (0.2M), Cu2+ (0.05M) and Zn2+ (0.25M) as matric polymer and counterions, respectively. Immobilized laccase showed a wide range of pH and temperature stability in comparison to the free spores. The entrapped degradation systems include single laccase, single TiO2, laccase + TiO2 (one-step remediation), TiO2/laccase (two-step remediation), and laccase/TiO2 (two-step remediation) that result to the 22%, 26% 45.6%, 47.6%, and 69.3% indigo carmine decolorization in 60 min. In the kinetic studies, the half-life of indigo carmine (25 mg/l) in the remediation processes containing laccase, TiO2, laccase + TiO2, TiO2/laccase, and laccase/TiO2 was calculated as 173, 138, 161, 115, and 57 min, respectively. The degradation products by co-entrapped system were not toxic against Sorghum vulgare. The results showed two-step decolorization by co-entrapped spore laccase and TiO2 nanoparticles, including the pretreatment of dye by laccase, and then, treatment by TiO2 has potential for degradation of indigo carmine.

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Funding

This work was support by grants of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (44699/3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Mojtaba Khakshoor & Ali Makhdoumi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Ahmad Asoodeh & Mohammad Reza Hosseindokht

Authors
  1. Mojtaba Khakshoor
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  2. Ali Makhdoumi
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  3. Ahmad Asoodeh
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  4. Mohammad Reza Hosseindokht
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Correspondence to Ali Makhdoumi.

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Fig. S1

Decolorization of indigo carmine (25 mg/L) by Ca-alginate (a), Zn-alginate (b), and Cu-alginate (c) beads (JPG 126 kb)

Fig. S2

Reusability of the Ca-alginate (dash-dot line), Cu-alginate (dash line), and Zn-alginate (dot line) beads for (25 mg/L) Indigo carmine (square) and malachite green (triangle) degradation (JPG 58 kb)

Fig. S3

HPLC Chromatogram of indigo carmine (a) and degradation products by laccase (b), TiO2 (c), and laccase/TiO2 (d) (JPG 114 kb)

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Khakshoor, M., Makhdoumi, A., Asoodeh, A. et al. Co-immobilized spore laccase/TiO2 nanoparticles in the alginate beads enhance dye removal by two-step decolorization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 6099–6110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10901-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10901-1

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