Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) is an aryloxy pyrimidine fungicide extensively applied in the agriculture field all over the world. There is a little information about the ecotoxicity of AZ fungicide on the freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola (L. luteola). The present study investigated the toxic effect of AZ fungicide on L. luteola by using various measures. We determined the mean LC50 value―96 h of AZ fungicide (0.79 mg/L) for L. luteola, in a static system. Based on this value, three sublethal concentrations, viz., I (0.079 mg/L), II (~ 0.40 mg/L), and III (~ 0.53 mg/L), were determined. The snails were exposed to these three concentrations of AZ fungicide for 96 h, and hemolymph and digestive glands were collected after 24 and 96 h for assessment of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and histological and genotoxic changes. The induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in hemocyte cells was increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It was observed that lipid peroxide (LPO) and glutathione S transferase (GST) were increased, and glutathione and superoxide dismutase decreased in digestive glands. A similar trend was observed for the DNA damage as measured in terms of the percentage of tail DNA and olive tail moment in digestive gland cells. This study showed the collective use of oxidative stress, histological, and genotoxicity parameters in in vivo laboratory studies using snails that are useful for screening the toxic potential of environmental contaminants such as AZ fungicide.
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The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding of this research through the Research Group Project no. RG-1435-076.
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Conceptualization: Daoud Ali
Data curation: Daoud Ali, Khalid E Ibrahim
Formal analysis: Daoud Ali, Khalid E Ibrahim
Investigation: Daoud Ali, Khalid E Ibrahim, Seik Altaf Hussain
Methodology: Daoud Ali, Khalid E Ibrahim
Project administration: Daoud Ali
Writing original draft: Daoud Ali
Writing review and editing: Daoud Ali, Seik Altaf Hussain, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
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Ali, D., Ibrahim, K.E., Hussain, S.A. et al. Role of ROS generation in acute genotoxicity of azoxystrobin fungicide on freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola L. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 5566–5574 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10895-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10895-w