Abstract
Cosaviruses (CoSV) and Saffold cardiovirus (SAFV) are novel members of the Picornaviridae family. The Matanza-Riachuelo river basin covers a total area of 2200 km2 with approximately 60 km long. Its last section is called Riachuelo River. The aim of this study was to describe the circulation of both picornaviruses and their relationship with the environmental situation of the Riachuelo River using 274 samples collected from 2005 to 2015. CoSV and SAFV were investigated in samples available by two periods: 2005–2006 and 2014–2015 (103 and 101, respectively). Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters confirmed very high levels of human fecal contamination during the 11 years evaluated. CoSV was detected in 85.7% (66/77) and 65.4% (17/26) of the samples collected in 2005–2006 and 2014–2015 periods, respectively. Species A and D were identified, the first one being widely predominant: 74.1% (20/27) and 75.0% (3/4) in both periods. SAFV virus was detected in 47.1% (32/68) and 52.6% (10/19) in periods 2005–2006 and 2014–2015, respectively. SAFV-6 was the most identified genotype in the entire study, while SAFV-3 was predominant in 2005–2006. The contribution of genotypes 1, 2, 4 and 8 was minor. The high prevalence of CoSV and SAFV suggests that both viruses have been circulating in Argentina at least since 2005. Our results show that a watercourse with high rates of human fecal contamination can become a persistent source of new viruses which capacity to produce human diseases is unknown.
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Acknowledgements
This work was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MSc. degree for Gabriela Riviello López at Maestría de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina.
Funding
This study was funded by FOCANLIS 2011 to Daniel Cisterna (Grant given by the National Agency of Laboratories and Institutes of Health Dr Carlos G Malbran).
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Supplementary Figure 1
Variability of environmental parameters in the Riachuelo River, Argentina. (a) Ammonia (N = 245), (b) COD (N = 249) and (c) TtC (N = 235). The dotted line indicates the suggested or allowed values for each environmental variable. TtC = thermotolerant coliforms count; COD = chemical oxygen demand (PPTX 77 KB)
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López, G.R., Martinez, L.M., Freyre, L. et al. Persistent Detection of Cosavirus and Saffold Cardiovirus in Riachuelo River, Argentina. Food Environ Virol 13, 64–73 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-020-09451-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-020-09451-z