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Improving the thermo-physical and rheological properties of crude oil (CO) by the synthesized CuO/SiO2/CaP nanocomposite for drag reduction through horizontal pipelines

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Abstract

The thermo-physical properties and rheological behavior of crude oil (CO) have substantial efficacies on transportation, processing, and refinery operation. SiO2 (silica)–CaP (calcium phosphate)–CuO (copper oxide) nanocomposite was synthesized by the sono-co-precipitation technique. In this work, the impact of nanocomposite volume fraction as well as temperature on the thermo-physical and also rheological characteristics of SiO2–CaP–CuO-based CO nanofluid were evaluated. All experimental tests were done in the temperatures and nanocomposite concentrations of 25–55 °C and 0.05–0.75 vol.%, respectively. Also, the drag reduction of the nanofluid in horizontal pipelines was elucidated by the SiO2–CaP–CuO-based CO nanofluid at 25 °C. The highest dynamic viscosity enhancement was found to be about 44.57% for 0.75 vol.% nanocomposite particles. The nanofluids thermal conductivity augmented with nanocomposite volume fraction increment. The greatest increment in nanofluids thermal conductivity was obtained about 17.26% at 0.75 vol.%. Moreover, four correlations were expanded for the dynamic viscosity and thermo-physical characteristics of the nanofluids with relative average deviation (RAD) percentage of less than 1%, which depended on temperature and nanocomposite volume concentration. The empirical relationships indicated a satisfactory compliance with the laboratory data. Additionally, outcomes demonstrated that the drag reduction of hybrid nanofluid in the horizontal pipeline under fully turbulent flow increased with enhancing the nanofluid concentration. Drag reduction of the nanofluids in the rough pipelines was higher than that in the smooth pipeline at the same Reynolds number in the range of 6500–42,000 and different pipe’s diameter (0.5–1 in.). No considerable increase and/or a reduction in hybrid nanofluid thermal conductivity was found for the recovered nanocomposite in various volume concentrations. The highest dynamic viscosity reduction after three times recovery treatment was obtained about 0.7% for 0.5 vol.% nanocomposite particles.

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Abbreviations

CO:

Crude oil

C p :

Specific heat capacity (kj/kg K)

DR:

Drag reduction

EG:

Ethylene glycol

nf:

Nanofluid

np:

Nanoparticle

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

T :

Temperature (°C)

x :

Vol.% nanofluid

φ :

Volume concentration

γ :

Shear rate(s−1)

ρ :

Density (g/cm3)

μ :

Viscosity (Pa s)

τ :

Shear stress (Pa)

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciatively acknowledge the Shiraz University for the support to this experimental work. The study was supported by the Shiraz University and the 111 project (B16038) for the support.

Funding

Funding was provided by National Drought Research Institute, Shiraz University and Shiraz University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Reza Mansourian & Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78259, USA

    Efstathios E. Michaelides

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  1. Reza Mansourian
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  2. Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi
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  3. Efstathios E. Michaelides
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Correspondence to Efstathios E. Michaelides.

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Mansourian, R., Mousavi, S.M. & Michaelides, E.E. Improving the thermo-physical and rheological properties of crude oil (CO) by the synthesized CuO/SiO2/CaP nanocomposite for drag reduction through horizontal pipelines. Appl Nanosci 11, 347–362 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01597-3

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