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Narrow gap laser welding (NGLW) of structural steels—a technological review and future research recommendations

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Abstract

Advanced welding processes for structural materials are gaining increasing importance for strategic applications in nuclear, aerospace, automobile, and defence sectors. These processes have been designed keeping in view the criterion of minimal stress generation, microstructure retentivity, and process reproducibility. Narrow gap laser welding (NGLW) is one such advanced welding technique that has been developed in the past decade owing to its fabricate-ability of thick-section steels at high welding speeds. Of the many advantages, several characteristics of the process outperform the traditional arc welding processes as well as single-pass autogenous laser welding, including process flexibility, increased welding productivity, excellent weld properties, and the potential for automation. This paper provides a state-of-the-art technological review on the NGLW process primarily for structural steels covering several topics including the effect of process parameters, structure-property relationship, and induced defects and residual stresses of NGLWed joints. A list of future research recommendations based on several research gaps is also reported in this article.

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Abbreviations

NGLW:

Narrow gap laser welding

GMAW:

Gas metal arc welding

GTAW:

Gas tungsten arc welding

NGSAW:

Narrow gap submerged arc welding

NGGMAW:

Narrow gap GMAW

NGGTAW:

Narrow gap GTAW

FZ:

Fusion zone

HAZ:

Heat-affected zone

ICHAZ:

Inter-critical HAZ

FGHAZ:

Fine-grained HAZ

CGHAZ:

Coarse-grained HAZ

PWHT:

Post-weld heat treatment

Ar:

Argon inert gas

BPP:

Beam parameter product

rad:

Radians (units)

UTS:

Ultimate tensile strength

RPV:

Reactor pressure vessel

HSLA:

High-strength low alloy

SS:

Stainless steel

UHSS:

Ultra-high-strength steel

HSS:

High-strength steel

M s :

Martensite formation start temperature

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad, 500075, India

    V. S. M. Ramakrishna R & P. H. S. L. R. Amrutha

  2. School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia

    R. A. Rahman Rashid & S. Palanisamy

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Ramakrishna R, V.S.M., Amrutha, P.H.S.L.R., Rahman Rashid, R.A. et al. Narrow gap laser welding (NGLW) of structural steels—a technological review and future research recommendations. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 111, 2277–2300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06230-9

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