Abstract
Photoelectrodes and sensitizers are the vital components of future low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells which are used to meet the present energy demand. Herein, ZnS–CdS thin film photoelectrodes (WE) prepared on steel substrate by electrodeposition method are sensitized by chlorophyll extract and combined with graphite counter electrode, both being dipped in sulphide–polysulphide redox electrolytes (S2−/S 2−n ) to form the dye-sensitized solar cells with the following configuration:\({\text{photoelectrode}} + {\text{dye}}//{\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{S}}(1{\text{M}}) + {\text{NaOH}}(1{\text{M}}) + {\text{S}}(1{\text{M}})//{\text{C}}({\text{Graphite}}).\)The photoelectrochemical characterizations of the dye-sensitized thin film photoelectrodes under investigation include current–voltage (I–V) characteristics in dark and light, spectral photoresponse and cells power output. Photoelectrodes are found to be n-type semiconductors. From the power output curves, the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized ZnS–CdS electrode (8 h sensitization)-based solar cells, short-circuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) is found to be 0.29, 0.51 mA/cm2 and 0.34 V respectively. The PXRD results show that the fabricated mixed ZnS–CdS thin films are made up of nanocrystals of size ~ 9.12 nm. Surface morphology of the films is studied, and SEM micrograms establish the polycrystalline nature of mixed ZnS–CdS thin films. The EDAX (energy diffraction analysis of X-ray) results show the presence of Zn, Cd and S in the thin films.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B B Panda, P K Mahapatra and M K Ghosh J. Electron. Mater. 47 3657 (2018)
P Zhang, B Y Guan, L Yu and X W David Lou Chem 4 162 (2018)
H K Jun, M A Careem and A K Arof Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 22 148 (2013)
H C Hassan, Z H Z Abidin, F I C howdhury and A K Arof Int. J. Photoenergy https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3685210
Y Duan, N Fu, Q Liu, Y Fang, X Zhou, J Zhang and Y Lin J. Phys. Chem. C 116 8888 (2012)
G Calogero, G Di Marco, S Caramori, S Cazzanti, R Argazzic and C A Bignozzi Energy Environ. Sci. 2 1162 (2009)
C S Ferekides, U Balasubramanian, R Mamazza, V Viswanathan, H Zhao and D L Morel Sol. Energy 77 823 (2004)
D J Desale, S Shaikh, A Ghosh, R Birajadar, F Siddiqui, A Ghule and R B Sharma Compos. B Eng. 43 1095 (2012)
M K Nazeeruddin, F De Angelis, S Fantacci, A Selloni, G Viscardi, P Liska, S Ito, B Takeru and M Gratzel J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 16835 (2005)
R A Jensen, H V Ryswyk, C X She, J M Szarko, L X Chen and J T Hupp Langmuir 26 1401 (2010)
H J Snaith and C Ducati Nano Lett. 10 1259 (2010)
K Hara, T Horiguchi, T Kinoshita, K Sayama, H Sugihara and H Arakawa Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 64 115 (2000)
S M Yang, H Z Kou, H J Wang, K Cheng and J C Wang J. Phys. Chem. C 114 815 (2010)
X L Yu, J G Song, Y S Fu, Y Xie, X Song, J Sun and X W Du J. Phys. Chem. C 114 2380 (2010)
I M Sero, S Gimenez, F F Santiago, R Gomez, Q Shen, T Toyoda and J Bisquert Acc. Chem. Res. 42 1848 (2009)
Q F Zhang, T R Chou, B Russo, S A Jenekhe and G Z Cao Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47 2402 (2008)
Q F Zhang, C S Dandeneau, K Park, D W Liu, X Y Zhou, Y H Jeong and G Z Cao J. Nanophotonics 4 041540 (2010)
P P Hankare, P.A. Chate and D.J. Sathe J. Alloys Compd. 487 367 (2009)
A B Bhalerao, C D Lokhande and B G Wagh IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 12 (2013)
S Sfaelou, L Sygellou, V Dracopoulos, A Travlos and P Lianos J. Phys. Chem. C 118 22873 (2014)
E Rabinovich and G Hodes J. Phys. Chem. C 117 1611 (2013)
S B Patil and A K Singh Appl. Surf. Sci. 256 2884 (2010)
S A Pawar, D S Patil, A C Lokhande, M G Gang, J C Shin, P S Patil and J H Kim Opt. Mater. 58 46 (2016)
M A Rafea, A A M Farag, N Roushdy J. Alloys Compd. 485 660 (2009)
A Jana, C Bhattacharya and J Datta Electrochim. Acta 55 6553 (2010)
R Syafinar, N Gomesh, M Irwanto, M Fareq and Y M Irwan Energy Procedia 79 896 (2015)
L L Li and E W G Diau Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 291 (2013)
X YaoMing, W JiHuai, C CunXi, C Yuan, Y GenTian, L JianMing, H MiaoLiang, F LeQing and L Zhang Chin. Sci. Bull. 57, 2329 (2012)
P K Mahapatra and B B Panda Chalcogenide Lett. 7 477 (2010)
N Sekar and V Y Gehlot Resonance 819 (2010)
G Calogero, J H Yum, A Sinopoli, G D Marco, M Gratzel and M K Nazeeruddin Sol. Energy 86 1563 (2012)
G Richhariya, A Kumar, P Tekasakul and B Gupta Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 69, 705 (2017)
M Gratzel J. Phys. Chem. 97 6272 (1993)
L Goncalves, V Bermudez, H Ribeiroa and A Mendes Energy Environ. Sci. 1 655 (2008)
V Jovanovski, V González-Pedro, S Giménez, E Azaceta, G Cabañero, H Grande, R Tena-Zaera, I Mora-Seró and J Bisquer J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 20156 (2011)
H Song, H Rao and X Zhong J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 4895 (2018)
M Gratzel Acc. Chem. Res. 42 1788 (2009)
V Chakrapani, D Baker and P V Kamat J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 9607 (2011)
S Mahajan, E Stathatos, N Huse, R Birajdar, A Kalarakis and R Sharma Mater. Lett. 210 92 (2018)
A S Dive, N P Huse, K P Gattu, R B Birajdar, D R Upadhyay and R Sharma J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7393-5
A Bahramian Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 14837 (2013)
H P Wu, C M Lan, J Y Hu, W K Huang, J W Shiu, Z J Lan, C M Tsai, C H Su and E W G. Diau J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 1570 (2013)
Z Q Bao, H Xie, Q Zhu, J Qian, P Ruana and X Zhou CrystEngComm 15 8972 (2013)
N Mir, K Lee, I Paramasivam and P Schmuki Chem. Eur. J. 18 11862 (2012)
H Y Chen, T L Zhang, J Fan, D B Kuang and C Y Su ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 9205 (2013)
E N Kumar, R Jose, P S Archana, C Vijila, M M Yusoff and S Ramakrishna Energy Environ. Sci. 5 5401 (2012)
J Huo, Y Hu, H Jiang, W Huang, Y Li, W Shao and C Li Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 11029 (2013)
A E Alam, W M Cranton, M Dharmadasa J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30 4580 (2019)
H J Son, C Prasittichai, J E Mondloch, L Luo, J Wu, D W Kim, O K Farha and J T Hupp J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 11529 (2013)
B B Panda, B Sharma and R K Rana Mater. Sci. Pol. 34 446 (2016).
C Duan, W Luo, T Jiu, J Li, Y Wang and F Lu J. Colloid Interface Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.108
M A Mahdi, J J Hassan, Z Hassan, S S Ng J. Alloys Compd. 541 227 (2012)
J K Dongre, M Chaturvedi, Y Patil, S Sharma, and U K Jain AIP Conf. Proc. 1670, 030007 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4926691
J Song, S S Li, S Yoon, W K Kim, J Kim, J Chen, V Craciun, T J Anderson, O D Crisalle and F Ren 0-7803-8707-4/05/$20.0002005 IEEE
T Suyitno, T J Saputra, A Supriyanto, Z Arifin Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 148 99 (2015)
P K Mahapatra and B B Panda Int. J. Thin Films Sci. Technol. 4 45 (2015)
R M Mane, S S Mali, V B Ghanwat, V V Kondalkar, K V Khot, S R Mane, D B Shinde, P S Patil and P N Bhosale Mater. Today Proc. 2 1458 (2015)
A A Yadav and E U Masumdar J. Alloys Compd. 509 5394 (2011)
N P Husea, A S Divea, K P Gattub and R Sharma Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 67 62 (2017)
K Rajeshwar, L Thomson, P Singh, R C Kainthala and K L Chopra J. Electrochem. Soc. 128 1744 (1981)
K Alfaramawi Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostruct. 5 933 (2010)
A D A Buba, E O Ajala and D O Samson Asian J Sci Technol 6 1146 (2015)
S M Pawar, A V Moholkar, K Y Rajpure, C H Bhosale Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 92 45 (2008)
S Aydogan and O Gullu Microelectron. Eng. 87 187(2010)
B Cerda, R Sivakumar, M Paulraj J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 720 012030 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/720/1/012030
H Chang, H M Wu, T L Chen, K D Huang, C S Jwo and Y J Lo J. Alloys Compd. 495 606 (2010)
H Chang, M J Kao, T L Chen, C H Chen, K C Cho and X R Lai Int. J. Photoenergy 2013; Article ID 159502
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Panda, B.B., Mahapatra, P.K. & Ghosh, M.K. Electrodeposited mixed ZnS–CdS photoelectrode for natural dye-sensitized solar cells (NDSSC). Indian J Phys 95, 2349–2357 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-020-01902-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-020-01902-4