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Body size constrains maternal investment in a small sea turtle species

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Abstract

To maximise reproductive fitness, species make trade-offs among reproductive traits, e.g., offspring quantity vs. offspring size, within energetic, anatomical, and physiological constraints. Sea turtles are a model taxon to study reproductive trade-offs, because they lack parental care and because there are strong selective pressures on hatchlings due to high predation rates. Natural selection therefore typically favours optimising offspring size over offspring quantity. Nevertheless, the balance between these traits varies between both sea turtle populations and species. Here, we quantified individual variation in reproductive traits of olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in northwest Costa Rica. Olive ridley females displayed considerable inter-female variation in reproductive traits with larger females producing larger clutches. These larger females also produced longer and heavier hatchlings than smaller females despite producing similar sized eggs. Females did not exhibit a trade-off between clutch size and egg mass, although variation in clutch size (coefficient of variation = 16.8%) was greater than that of egg mass (10.1%). Producing more eggs per clutch had 1.8 times the effect of producing heavier eggs at increasing clutch mass. The effect of clutch frequency was 2.5 times that of clutch size on seasonal egg production and 2.4 times that of clutch size on seasonal hatchling production. In conclusion, olive ridley turtles exhibit considerable variation in reproductive traits, but their small body size constrains clutch size and has implications for their overall reproductive output.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request and with permission of The Leatherback Trust.

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Acknowledgements

Thank you to all of the field assistants and volunteers who helped collect the data used in this study. Thank you to the Ministry of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica (MINAE) for grating the research permits. Thank you to three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by The Leatherback Trust, Purdue University Schrey Professorship, the Betz Chair of Environmental Science at Drexel University, and the Earthwatch Institute. This research was conducted under Purdue University Animal Care approval #131000989.

Funding

This work was supported by The Leatherback Trust, Purdue University Schrey Professorship, the Betz Chair of Environmental Science at Drexel University, and the Earthwatch Institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Christopher R. Gatto

  2. Ciudad de Las Artes y Las Ciencias, Fundación Oceanogràfic, Valencia, Spain

    Nathan J. Robinson

  3. The Leatherback Trust, Goldring-Gund Marine Biology Station, Playa Grande, Costa Rica

    James R. Spotila, Frank V. Paladino & Pilar Santidrián Tomillo

  4. Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    James R. Spotila

  5. Department of Biology, Purdue University, Fort Wayne, IN, USA

    Frank V. Paladino

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  1. Christopher R. Gatto
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All authors conceived and designed the experiments, contributed to the data collection, and participated in writing the manuscript. CG conducted the data analyses.

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Correspondence to Christopher R. Gatto.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for sampling, care, and experimental use of organisms for the study have been followed, and all necessary approvals have been obtained. This research was conducted under Purdue University Animal Care approval #131000989.

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Gatto, C.R., Robinson, N.J., Spotila, J.R. et al. Body size constrains maternal investment in a small sea turtle species. Mar Biol 167, 182 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03795-7

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