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Impact of acute exercise on immediate and following early post-exercise FGF-21 concentration in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Purpose/objective

The aim of this study was to quantify circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) changes during and immediately after acute exercise and, based on body weight, to identify the subgroups exhibiting the largest response.

Methods

The PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched up to December 2019 for studies published in English peer-reviewed journals. Studies that evaluated the effects of acute exercise on FGF-21 concentrations immediately after and 1 and 3 h post-exercise in adults were included. Random effects models were used for analyses, with data reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval, and the risk of heterogeneity was evaluated. Subgroup analysis of subjects with normal weight and obesity/overweight was performed.

Results

A total of seven studies involving 125 participants (age 35.95 (21–64) years and BMI 25.89 (21.30–35.46) kg/m2) were included. Overall, acute exercise increased FGF-21 (d = 0.18; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.35, p = 0.02) and this remained for 1 h post-exercise FGF-21 (d = 0.59; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.86, p = 0.001). Three hours after exercise, FGF-21 was restored to near baseline values (d = − 0.05; 95% CI − 0.34 to 0.22, p = 0.68). Acute exercise raised FGF-21 concentrations in normal weight participants (d = 0.57, p = 0.001) and tended to increase in overweight and obese participants (d = 0.79, p = 0.05) 1 h post-exercise.

Conclusion

Acute exercise increases circulating FGF-21, irrespective of body weight.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the help of Dr. Yuko Tanimura (Aichi-toho University, Nagoya, Japan), Dr. Kumpei Tanisawa (Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan), Dr. A.L. Slusher (Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA), Dr. James A King (Loughborough University, UK), Dr. Jack A Sargeant (Loughborough University, UK), Dr. Scott A. Willis (Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK), Dr. Christoffer Clemmensen (University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark), and Dr. Rugivan Sabaratnam (University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark) for providing the relevant data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran

    Mousa Khalafi

  2. Department of Sport Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 5375171379, Iran

    Karim Azali Alamdari

  3. The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK

    Michael E. Symonds

  4. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

    Hadi Nobari

  5. Health, Economy, Motricity and Education Research Group (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain

    Jorge Carlos-Vivas

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Contributions

M Kh, K A, H N, and J V carried out the screenings and reviews. M Kh, K A, and M S carried out the analysis of the articles. M Kh, K A, and M S drafted and revised the manuscript. M S revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mousa Khalafi or Karim Azali Alamdari.

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Supplementary Fig 1.

Funnel plot of the trials involved in the meta-analysis of acute exercise effect on immediate post-exercise FGF-21 concentration (PNG 1413 kb)

High resolution image (TIF 26 kb)

Supplementary Fig 2.

Funnel plot of the trials involved in the meta-analysis of acute exercise effect on 1h post-exercise FGF-21 concentration (PNG 1277 kb)

High resolution image (TIF 10 kb)

Supplementary Fig 3.

Funnel plot of the trials involved in the meta-analysis of acute exercise effect on 3-hours post-exercise FGF-21 concentration (PNG 1277 kb)

High resolution image (TIF 9 kb)

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Khalafi, M., Alamdari, K.A., Symonds, M.E. et al. Impact of acute exercise on immediate and following early post-exercise FGF-21 concentration in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hormones 20, 23–33 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-020-00245-3

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