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Physical Simulation of a Nonconsumable Lance for Secondary Refining Operations

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Abstract

In this research, the proposal to use a nonconsumable lance or heat pipe to decrease the mixing times in a secondary refining ladle is evaluated. The main idea is to minimize the stirring times to get the complete mixing of liquid steel, mainly due to the fact that a consumable lance once its melted changes the operation conditions. Use of a nonconsumable lance is well known because of its excellent self-protective characteristics; in general, this kind of nonconsumable lance is used in almost any gas injection operation process. Hence, a set of experiments in a physical model demonstrated the viability and competitiveness of the nonconsumable lance in a secondary refining ladle. The results obtained in the physical modeling revealed that the vibration signals, acquired by the accelerometer, are proportional to the amount of agitation energy induced by the injected gas (kinetic and potential energy). Regarding the increment in the vibrations, the inclination angle of the lance showed that the mixing times have a significant effect on the mixing time of the liquid.

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Notes

  1. LABVIEW is a trademark of National Instruments, Austin, TX.

  2. HIQ is a trademark of National Instruments, Austin, TX.

  3. MINITAB is a trademark of Minitab, LLC, State College, PA.

  4. SYSTAT is a trademark of Systat Software, San Jose, CA.

  5. NEUROSHELL 2 is a trademark of Ward Systems Group, Inc., Frederick, MD.

Abbreviations

A :

Lance transversal area

D :

Lance diameter

E c :

Kinetic energy

E p :

Potential energy

E T :

Agitation energy

F :

Injected airflow

G :

Tilt angle

G 1 :

Oscillation movement

Int:

Integral absolute value of the vibration signal

Int1 :

Integral value of the signal

P :

Lance radial position

P a :

Atmospheric pressure

P mg :

Molecular weight of the gas injected

Q g :

Surface flow of the injected air

R :

Gas constant

T g :

Gas temperature at the exit of the nozzle

T m :

Metal temperature

V :

Water volume to agitate

V 1 :

Agitation volume

W m :

Metal weight

Z 1 :

Lance depth

g :

Acceleration due to gravity

r :

lance radio

ρ m :

Metal density

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Acknowledgment

Two of the authors (IEG and HAG) gratefully acknowledge the support from the Cátedras–CONACYT program through Project No. 674.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cátedras CONACYT – CIATEQ A.C., 78395, San Luis Potosí, Mexico

    Hugo Arcos-Gutiérrez & Isaías E. Garduño Olvera

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    Rosaura Aparicio-Fernández

  3. Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, C.P. 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Gerardo Barrera-Cardiel & Héctor Guillermo Carreón-Garcidueñas

Authors
  1. Hugo Arcos-Gutiérrez
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  2. Rosaura Aparicio-Fernández
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  3. Gerardo Barrera-Cardiel
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  4. Héctor Guillermo Carreón-Garcidueñas
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  5. Isaías E. Garduño Olvera
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Correspondence to Hugo Arcos-Gutiérrez.

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Manuscript submitted October 16, 2019; accepted September 25, 2020.

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Arcos-Gutiérrez, H., Aparicio-Fernández, R., Barrera-Cardiel, G. et al. Physical Simulation of a Nonconsumable Lance for Secondary Refining Operations. Metall Mater Trans B 52, 190–198 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01992-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01992-9

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