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Diversity of estuarine and marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from subtropical ecosystems of Brazil

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Abstract

The subtropical coastal waters of Brazil have been surveyed regarding their hydroid fauna since 1941. However, a comprehensive compilation of all hydroid records with detailed information has not yet been published for these waters. Besides filling this knowledge gap, we provide an updated species list, along with the biogeographic status (native, introduced, or cryptogenic) of each hydroid species for the area between Ilha Comprida municipality and the state of Rio Grande do Sul. We also present the distribution patterns of hydroid morphotypes, a sampling sufficiency analysis, and spatial-temporal progress of their research. The dataset was compiled by conducting a thorough bibliographical survey, accessing data of zoological collections, and performing field surveys with experimental settlement panels. This work provides an update for new hydroid records for a large number of localities within the study area. We listed 27 families, 59 genera, 129 morphotypes, and 95 unique species. Regarding the unique species, ~ 3% were classified as introduced, ~ 2% as native, and ~ 95% as cryptogenic. The 3% of introduced species include the first record of the non-indigenous Podocoryna loyola on natural substrata and new records of this species for São Paulo. The 95 unique species also represent ~ 19% and ~ 52% of the hydroid fauna recorded in South America and Brazil, respectively. Sampling effort is still not sufficient and therefore continuing research on the hydroid fauna is required, especially for the detection of new introduced species.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Rosana M. Rocha and Thaís P. Miranda for comments that significantly improved our manuscript. A special thanks to A. Lindner for sharing personal observations of hydroid occurrence and to Maria A. Haddad’s laboratory members for sharing personal observations, helping in the hydroid identification, and sharing extra information on their works. We thank Amanda F. Cunha, Thaís P. Miranda, Vanessa Agostini, Janaína Bumbeer, Danielle C. S. Rocha, Edinalva Oliveira, and Marcelo V. Fukuda for sharing extra information about hydroid records and/or for helping in the hydroid identification. We are grateful to Andrea Desiderato for his statistical help. We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for L.A.B. scholarship and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for D.M.L. scholarship. We also would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions, which helped us to improve our manuscript substantially, and Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema for his insightful suggestions and comments, and for his kind help and support.

Funding

This study was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq grant number 132409/2017-8) and by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES finance code 001).

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  1. Zoology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico Campus, Biological Science Sector, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Larissa Ajala-Batista, Daniel de Miranda Lins & Maria Angélica Haddad

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  1. Larissa Ajala-Batista
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Correspondence to Larissa Ajala-Batista.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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LAB and MAH conceived the main idea and compiled the data. LAB analyzed the data and led the writing. DML collected all the data from the mussel culture sites. All authors commented on drafts and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Ajala-Batista, L., de Miranda Lins, D. & Haddad, M.A. Diversity of estuarine and marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from subtropical ecosystems of Brazil. Mar. Biodivers. 50, 97 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01133-0

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