Elsevier

Tissue and Cell

Volume 68, February 2021, 101456
Tissue and Cell

Whole-body vibration promotes lipid mobilization in hypothalamic obesity rat

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2020.101456Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Physical exercise has been widely used to improving morbidities present in obese individuals.

  • Whole-body vibration (WBV) therapy can help improve the lipid profile.

  • WBV positively implying health and quality of life and rehabilitation in obese and pre-diabetic patients.

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on metabolic parameters using the monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) model of obesity.

Method

MSG-obese rats that were exposed to WBV on a vibrating platform with 60 Hz frequency, 2 mm amplitude, three times/week, 10 min/day, during eight weeks (from postnatal day (PN) 80 to PN136). Blood glucose, creatine kinases (CK and CK-MB) and lipid profile through plasma and liver levels of lipids and lipoproteins were evaluated. Morphology and oxidative stress of adipose and hepatic tissues were further evaluated.

Results

When performing a WBV exercise, animals showed contrasting metabolic responses. Vibration Control group (CTL-WBV) presented a reduction in CK and liver triacylglycerol, an increase in glucose, lactate, total cholesterol, liver cholesterol, and LDL while MSG Vibration group (MSG-WBV) showed an increase in total triacylglycerol, VLDL, lactate, CK, liver cholesterol, additional liver lipid peroxidation and LDL, total cholesterol and CKsingle bondMB reduction.

Conclusion

Even although the MSG is a model of impacting injury, the metabolic demand of WBV exercise was able to induce mobilization of substrates, highlighting the lipid mobilization in obese animals, it should be used as a metabolic rehabilitation tool in patients with metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.

Introduction

Physical exercise has been widely used to evaluate its potential effect in improving morbidity present in obese individuals (Petridou et al., 2019; Thyfault and Bergouignan, 2020; Yang et al., 2019). Which have an altered lipid profile, such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, central obesity, and hypertension that are collectively known as metabolic syndrome (Saklayen, 2018). In addition, obesity inflammatory degree is associated with tissue oxidative stress that shows altered oxidative pathways, resulting in an imbalance between antioxidant protection and generation of reactive molecules, causing cell damage that reinforces these metabolic complications (Vona et al., 2019). Low-intensity exercise has the potential to improve the lipid profile (Fujita et al., 2018) because during low-intensity exercise, energy is mainly supplied by fat (Jeukendrup, 2003; Romijn et al., 1993). However, physical inactivity remains prevalent in the obese population, since there is low adherence to physical exercise (Burgess et al., 2017; Petridou et al., 2019; Wiklund, 2016).

The proposed mechanisms for how exercise can promote the improvement of obesity comorbidities are diverse and with fundamental importance since metabolic changes are harmful to health. An experimental model of pre-diabetic rats by neonatal administration of monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) has been used to evaluate these mechanisms. While MSG-obese rats show increased parasympathetic activity and low sympathetic activity, which potentiate insulin secretion and lipid accumulation (Andreazzi et al., 2011; Torrezan et al., 2019), low-intensity exercise can recover sympathetic activity (Scomparin et al., 2011). Alternatively, the mechanical vibration of the entire body is a passive exercise modality that promotes strength gain (Alvarez-Alvarado et al., 2017) and that can play an additional role in improving the health and rehabilitation of the obese population (Zago et al., 2018).

Like low-intensity exercise, whole-body vibration (WBV) consists of muscle activation, generating function gains, being a possible step to other forms of exercise (Oroszi et al., 2020). WBV has shown to be beneficial to individuals with several health problems, such as stroke (Celletti et al., 2020), multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and osteoarthritis (Cochrane, 2011), presenting functional gains in the institutionalized elderly (Alvarez-Barbosa et al., 2020) and improves the quality of life in individuals with chronic conditions (Li et al., 2019). Within the context of obesity, WBV has been shown to increase glycemic control, promote growth hormone (GH) release (Di Giminiani et al., 2014; Paineiras-Domingos et al., 2017; Rigamonti et al., 2018), which is generally reduced in obese individuals, and reduce body fat accumulation (Alavinia et al., 2019; Zago et al., 2018).

However, there are no reports of how WBV exercise may affect the physiological changes observed in the context of MSG-induced obesity. It was hypothesized that WBV exercise changes systemic metabolism and promotes mobilization and oxidation of lipids. The consequences of these effects could be found in adipose tissue and liver of MSG-obese rats.

Section snippets

Ethical approval

All experiments in this study were conducted in accordance with the National and international legislation and with the approval of University Animal Care Committee (protocol # 08/18).

Animals and experimental design

From postnatal day (PN) 1 to PN5, male Wistar rats (n = 38) received daily subcutaneous injections of MSG (4 mg.g−1 of body weight, MSG group) or equimolar saline (12.5 %; 1.25 mg. g−1 of body weight, Control group - CTL) (Olney, 1969; Sagae et al., 2011). After weaning (PN21), males from both groups were housed

Characterization of MSG-obese model

When compared with the control group, the MSG model was effective in inducing obesity through a 60 % and 38 % higher weight and area, respectively, of the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (p < 0.05), although there is no significant difference in the Lee index (Table 1). However, MSG-obese animals presented significantly lower body-weight and nasal-anal-length (p < 0.05). Retroperitoneal adipose tissue of all groups showed standard unilocular adipose tissue morphology (Fig. 1) and morphometric

Discussion

The present study showed different forms of lipid mobilization and energy metabolism, demonstrating that different body patterns when practicing WBV exercise have several metabolic response pathways. Therefore, understanding these paths favors clinical and therapeutic decisions for obese and/or insulin-resistant patients. Thus, it was present the difference in the metabolic responses of control and MSG-obese animals when performing WBV exercise.

Conclusion

The results of the present study showed that treatment with WBV-exercise was able to promote significant lipid mobilization in obese animals through changes in plasma colesterolemic profile and liver lipid markers as a function of energy demand.

Funding

This research was supported by the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundação Araucária through the notice 016/2016.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Bárbara Zanardini de Andrade: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Writing - original draft. Matheus Felipe Zazula: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Writing - review & editing. Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - review & editing.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors report no declarations of interest.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to UNIOESTE for providing assistance and support.

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