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An assembly of galanin–galanin receptor signaling network

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Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling Aims and scope

Abstract

The galanin receptor family of proteins is present throughout the central nervous system and endocrine system. It comprises of three subtypes—GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3; all of which are G-protein-coupled receptors. Galanin predominantly acts as an inhibitory, hyper-polarizing neuromodulator, which has several physiological as well as pathological functions. Galanin has a role in mediating food intake, memory, sexual behavior, nociception and is also associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, and chronic pain. However, the understanding of signaling mechanisms of the galanin family of neuropeptides is limited and an organized pathway map is not yet available. Therefore, a detailed literature mining of the publicly available articles pertaining to the galanin receptor was followed by manual curation of the reactions and their integration into a map. This resulted in the cataloging of molecular reactions involving 64 molecules into five categories such as molecular association, activation/inhibition, catalysis, transport, and gene regulation. For enabling easy access of biomedical researchers, the galanin–galanin receptor signaling pathway data was uploaded to WikiPathways (https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP4970), a freely available database of biological pathways.

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Fig. 1

Abbreviations

GAL:

Galanin

GalR:

Galanin receptor

GALP:

Galanin-like peptide

CNS:

Central nervous system

GPCR:

G-protein coupled receptor

CREB:

cAMP response element-binding protein

PKA:

Protein kinase A

MAPK:

Mitogen activated protein kinase

PPIs:

Protein–protein interactions

PTM:

Post-translational modification

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

BioPAX:

Biological pathway exchange

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Acknowledgements

We thank Karnataka Biotechnology and Information Technology Services (KBITS), Government of Karnataka for the support to the Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine at Yenepoya (Deemed to be University) under the Biotechnology Skill Enhancement Programme in Multiomics Technology (BiSEP GO ITD 02 MDA 2017). We thank the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for research support to the Institute of Bioinformatics (IOB), Bangalore. LG and OC are recipients of DST INSPIRE Senior Research Fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India.

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Author notes

  1. Jayshree Advani

    Present address: Neurobiology-Neurodegenration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20982, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India

    Lathika Gopalakrishnan, Oishi Chatterjee & Jayshree Advani

  2. Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India

    Lathika Gopalakrishnan

  3. Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India

    Lathika Gopalakrishnan, Oishi Chatterjee & T. S. Keshava Prasad

  4. Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India

    Oishi Chatterjee

  5. School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India

    Chinmayi Raj & Deepshika Pullimamidi

  6. Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India

    Anita Mahadevan

  7. Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Neurobiology Research Centre, Bangalore, India

    Anita Mahadevan

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Supplementary Table 1

Annotated reactions associated with galanin receptor signaling in humans and other mammals categorized into A. Activation/Inhibition B. Enzyme catalysis C. Molecular association D. Transport and E. Gene regulation (XLSX 66 kb)

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Gopalakrishnan, L., Chatterjee, O., Raj, C. et al. An assembly of galanin–galanin receptor signaling network. J. Cell Commun. Signal. 15, 269–275 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-020-00590-3

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