Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Effluents and the Receiving Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota of Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), New Zealand

  • Published:
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Coastal ecosystems are receiving environments for micropollutants due to high levels of associated anthropogenic activities. Effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of micropollutants to coastal environments. Wastewater effluents, seawater, sediments, and green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) in Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), Christchurch, New Zealand, were analysed for a suite of personal care products and steroid hormones during a 1-year period. In wastewater effluents, the concentration of methyl paraben (mParaben), ethyl paraben (eParaben), propyl paraben (pParaben), butyl paraben (bParaben), 4-t-octylphenol (OP), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), triclosan, methyl triclosan (mTric), Bisphenol A (BPA), Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and Estriol (E3) ranged from < 0.6 to 429 ng L−1 and was dominated by OP, 4-MBC, BP-3, triclosan, BP-1, and BPA. In seawater, 4-MBC, BP-3, BPA, and E1 were the most frequently detected contaminants (< 0.2–9.4 ng L−1). Coastal sediment samples contained mParaben, OP, 4-MBC, BP-3, BP-1, BPA, OMC, and E1 (< 0.2–11 ng g−1 d.w.), and mParaben, OP, and BP-3 were found to bioaccumulate (3.8–21.3 ng g−1 d.w.) in green lipped mussels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Material

Data are included in the Supporting Information.

References

  • Afonso-Olivares C, Torres-Padrón E, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodrí Guez JJ (2013) Assessment of the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in seawater samples from coastal area of Gran Canaria Island (Spain). Antibiotics 2:274–287. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics2020274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agüera A, Fernández-Alba A, Piedra L, Mézcua M (2003) Evaluation of triclosan and biphenylol in marine sediments and urban wastewaters by pressurized liquid extraction and solid phase extraction followed by gas. Anal Chim 480(2):193–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Amine H, Gomez E, Halwani J, Casellas C (2012) UV filters, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, octocrylene and ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA from untreated wastewater in sediment from eastern Mediterranean river transition. Mar Pollut Bull 64(11):2435–2442

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashfaq M, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen W, Wang H, Chen X, Wu W, Huang Z, Yu C-P, Sun Q (2017) Occurrence, fate, and mass balance of different classes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen, China. Water Res 123:655–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balmer ME, Buser HR, Müller MD, Poiger T (2005) Occurrence of some organic UV filters in wastewater, in surface waters, and in fish from Swiss lakes. Environ Sci Technol 39(4):953–962. https://doi.org/10.1021/es040055r

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bargar T, Alvarez D, Garrison V (2015) Synthetic ultraviolet light filtering chemical contamination of coastal waters of Virgin Islands national park, St. John, US Virgin Islands. Mar Pollut Bull 101(1):193–199

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baronti C, Curini R, D’Ascenzo G, Di Corcia A, Gentili A, Samperi R (2000) Monitoring natural and synthetic estrogens at activated sludge sewage treatment plants and in a receiving river water. Environ Sci Technol 34(24):5059–5066. https://doi.org/10.1021/es001359q

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barse AV, Chakrabarti T, Ghosh TK, Pal AK, Kumar N, Raman RP, Jadhao SB (2010) Vitellogenin induction and histo-metabolic changes following exposure of Cyprinus carpio to methyl paraben. Asian Australas J Animal Sci 23(12):1557–1565. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.10118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basheer C, Lee HK, Siang Tan K (2004) Endocrine disrupting alkylphenols and bisphenol-A in coastal waters and supermarket seafood from Singapore. Mar Pollut Bull 48(11–12):1161–1167

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bayen S, Estrada E, Juhel G, Kit L, Kelly B (2016) Pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals in water, sediments and mollusks in mangrove ecosystems from Singapore. Mar Pollut Bull 109(2):716–722

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck I, Bruhn R, Gandrass J, Ruck W (2005) Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of estrogenic compounds in coastal surface water of the Baltic Sea. J Chromatogr A 1090(1–2):98–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedoux G, Roig B, Thomas O, Dupont V, Le Bot B (2012) Occurrence and toxicity of antimicrobial triclosan and by-products in the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 19(4):1044–1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0632-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benijts T, Lamber W, De Leenheer A (2004) Analysis of multiple endocrine disruptors in environmental waters via wide-spectrum solid-phase extraction and dual-polarity ionization LC-ion trap-MS/MS. Anal Chem 76(3):704–711. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac035062x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett ER, Metcalfe CD (2000) Distribution of degradation products of alkylphenol ethoxylates near sewage treatment plants in the lower Great Lakes, North America. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(4):784–792. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bester K, Theobald N, Schröder H (2001) Nonylphenols, nonylphenol-ethoxylates, linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) and bis (4-chlorophenyl)-sulfone in the German Bight of the North Sea. Chemosphere 45(6–7):817–826

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco E, del Casais MC, del Mejuto MC, Cela R (2009) Combination of off-line solid-phase extraction and on-column sample stacking for sensitive determination of parabens and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in waters by non aqueous capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim 647(1):104–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borecka M, Siedlewicz G, Haliński Ł, Sikora K (2015) Contamination of the southern Baltic Sea waters by the residues of selected pharmaceuticals: method development and field studies. Mar Pollut Bull 94(1–2):62–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brumovský M, Bečanová J, Kohoutek J, Thomas H, Petersen W, Sørensen K, Sáňka O, Nizzetto L (2016) Exploring the occurrence and distribution of contaminants of emerging concern through unmanned sampling from ships of opportunity in the North Sea. J Mar Syst 162:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.03.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castro Í (2019) Improper environmental sampling design bias assessments of coastal contamination. Trends Environ Anal Chem 24:e00068

  • Česen M, Heath D, Krivec M, Košmrlj J, Kosjek T, Heath E (2018) Seasonal and spatial variations in the occurrence, mass loadings and removal of compounds of emerging concern in the Slovene aqueous environment and environmental risk assessment. Environ Pollut 242, 143-154. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749118303737

  • Chau W, Wu J, Cai Z (2008) Investigation of levels and fate of triclosan in environmental waters from the analysis of gas chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 73(1):S13–S17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cherniaev A, Kondakova A, Zyk E (2016) Contents of 4-nonylphenol in surface sea water of Amur Bay (Japan/East sea). Achiev Life Sci 10(1):65–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiesa LM, Pavlovic R, Panseri S, Arioli F (2018) Evaluation of parabens and their metabolites in fish and fish products: a comprehensive analytical approach using LC-HRMS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Exp Risk Assess 35(12):2400–2413. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1544721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chin YP, Miller PL, Zeng L, Cawley K, Weavers LK (2004) Photosensitized degradation of bisphenol A by dissolved organic matter. Environ Sci Technol 38(22):5888–5894. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0496569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Combalbert S, Hernandez-Raquet G (2010) Occurrence, fate, and biodegradation of estrogens in sewage and manure. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 86(6):1671–1692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2547-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado DM, Alonso MB, Paulo J, Torres M, Ann R, Fundação H-D, Cruz O, Molins-Delgado D, Muñoz R, Nogueira S, Alonso MB, Torres JP, Malm O, Ziolli RL, Hauser-Davis RA, Eljarrat E, Barceló D, Silvia M, Díaz-Cruz M (2017) Occurrence of organic UV filters and metabolites in lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) from Brazil. Sci Total Environ 618:451–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeLorenzo ME, Keller JM, Arthur CD, Finnegan MC, Harper HE, Winder VL, Zdankiewicz DL (2008) Toxicity of the antimicrobial compound triclosan and formation of the metabolite methyl-triclosan in estuarine systems. Environ Toxicol 23(2):224–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dos Santos DM, Buruaem L, Gonçalves RM, Williams M, Abessa DMS, Kookana R, Rosa M, De Marchi R (2018) Multiresidue determination and predicted risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern in marine sediments from the vicinities of submarine sewage outfalls. Mar Pollut Bull 129(1):299–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.048

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Segal R, Fauth J, Knutson S, Bronstein O, Ciner FR, Jeger R, Lichtenfeld Y, Woodley CM, Pennington P, Cadenas K, Kushmaro A, Loya Y, Aviv T, Goldstein-Goren S (2016) Toxicopathological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), on coral planulae and cultured primary cells and its environmental contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 70(2):265–288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emnet P, Kookana RS, Shareef A, Gaw S, Williams M, Crittenden D, Northcott GL (2013) The effect of irradiance and temperature on the role of photolysis in the removal of organic micropollutants under Antarctic conditions. Environ Chem 10:417–423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emnet P, Gaw S, Northcott G, Storey B, Graham L (2015) Personal care products and steroid hormones in the Antarctic coastal environment associated with two Antarctic research stations, McMurdo Station and Scott Base. Environ Res 136:331–342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fair P, Lee H, Adams J, Darling C (2009) Occurrence of triclosan in plasma of wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and in their environment. Environ Pollut 157(8–9):2248–2254

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fent K, Zenker A, Rapp M (2010) Widespread occurrence of estrogenic UV-filters in aquatic ecosystems in Switzerland. Environ Pollut 158(5):1817–1824

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes M, Shareef A, Karkkainen M, Kookana R (2008) The occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals and triclosan in sediments of Barker Inlet, South Australia: a reported prepared for the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board. https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/pub?list=BRO&pid=procite:58612f2e-ea19-482f-a330-bc77fb01fa91. Accessed 3 July 2020

  • Fernandes M, Shareef A, Kookana R (2011) The distribution of triclosan and methyl-triclosan in marine sediments of Barker Inlet, South Australia. J Environ Monitor 13(4):801–806

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara F, Fabietti F, Delise M, Bocca AP, Funari E (2001) Alkylphenolic compounds in edible molluscs of the Adriatic Sea (Italy). Environ Sci Technol 35(15):3109–3112. https://doi.org/10.1021/es010508h

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisch K, Waniek JJ, Schulz-Bull DE (2017) Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and UV-filters in riverine run-offs and waters of the German Baltic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 124(1):388–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu M, Li Z, Gao H (2007) Distribution characteristics of nonylphenol in Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao and its adjacent rivers. Chemosphere 69(7):1009–1016

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gago-Ferrero, Díaz-Cruz M, Barceló D (2013) Multi-residue method for trace level determination of UV filters in fish based on pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography–quadrupole-linear ion trap. J Chromatogr A 1286:93–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gatidou G, Thomaidis NS, Stasinakis AS, Lekkas TD (2007) Simultaneous determination of the endocrine disrupting compounds nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates, triclosan and bisphenol A in wastewater and sewage sludge by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1138:32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giokas D, Sakkas V, Albanis T (2004) Determination of residues of UV filters in natural waters by solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and gas. J Chromatogr A 1026(1–2):289–293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giokas D, Sakkas V, Albanis T (2005) Determination of UV-filter residues in bathing waters by liquid chromatography UV-diode array and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after micelle mediated. J Chromatogr A 1077(1):19–27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez M, Gómez-Ramos M, Agüera A (2009) A new gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of target and non-target organic contaminants in waters. J Chromatogr A 1206(18):4071–4082

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffero L, Alcántara-Durán J, Moreno-Gonzalez D, Alonso C, Rodríguez-Gallego L, Moreno-González D, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A, Pérez-Parada A (2019) Basin-scale monitoring and risk assessment of emerging contaminants in South American Atlantic coastal lagoons. Sci Total Environ 697:134058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart D (2014) Whakaraupo Lyttelton Harbour sedimentation and circulation. http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/12257. Accessed 3 July 2020

  • Hashimoto S, Horiuchi A, Yoshimoto T, Nakao M, Omura H, Kato Y, Tanaka H, Kannan K, Giesy JP (2005) Horizontal and vertical distribution of estrogenic activities in sediments and waters from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48(2):209–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-0205-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He Cheng, Cheng X, Kyzas GZ, Fu J (2016) Pharmaceuticals pollution of aquaculture and its management in China. J Mol Liquids 223:781–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.09.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He K, Hain E, Timm A, Tarnowski M, Blaney L (2019) Occurrence of antibiotics, estrogenic hormones, and UV-filters in water, sediment, and oyster tissue from the Chesapeake Bay. Sci Total Environ 650:3101–3109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedgespeth ML, Sapozhnikova Y, Pennington P, Allan N, Mount C, Waterworks P, Fairey A, Hedgespeth M, Lea Sapozhnikova Y, Pennington P, Clum A, Fairey A, Wirth E, Clum A (2012) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in treated wastewater discharges into Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Sci Total Environ 437:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang W, Xie Z, Yan W, Mi W, Xu W, Huang W, Xie Z, Miao L, Tian Y, Yan W, Mi W, Xu AW (2016) Occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks and organic UV filters from riverine and coastal sediments in the Pearl River estuary of China. Mar Pollut Bull 111(1–2):153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson TH, Lyons BP, Thain JE, Law RJ (2013) Evaluating legacy contaminants and emerging chemicals in marine environments using adverse outcome pathways and biological effects-directed analysis. Mar Pollut Bull 74(2):517–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin S, Yang F, Liao T, Hui Y, Xu Y (2008) Seasonal variations of estrogenic compounds and their estrogenicities in influent and effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in China. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(1):146–153. https://doi.org/10.1897/07-072.1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonkers N, Kohler H, Dammshäuser A (2009) Mass flows of endocrine disruptors in the Glatt River during varying weather conditions. Environ Pollut 157(3):714–723

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonkers N, Sousa A, Galante-Oliveira S (2010) Occurrence and sources of selected phenolic endocrine disruptors in Ria de Aveiro. Portugal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 17(4):834–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-009-0275-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juma Khatib A, Ali N (2017) Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in effluent-dominated Saudi Arabian coastal waters of the Red Sea. Chemosphere 175:505–513. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v1i3.848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kachhawaha AS, Nagarnaik PM, Jadhav M, Pudale A, Labhasetwar PK, Banerjee K (2017) Optimization of a Modified QuEChERS method for multiresidue analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage and surface water by LC–MS/MS. J AOAC Int 100(3):592–597. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kantiani L, Farré M, Asperger D, Rubio F, González S, López De Alda MJ, Petrovicá MP, Shelver WL, Barceló D (2008) Triclosan and methyl-triclosan monitoring study in the northeast of Spain using a magnetic particle enzyme immunoassay and confirmatory analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Hydrol 361:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasprzyk-Hordern, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2009) The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters. Water Res 43(2):363–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kung T, Lee S, Yang T, Wang W (2018) Survey of selected personal care products in surface water of coral reefs in Kenting National Park, Taiwan. Sci Total Environ 635:1302–1307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langford K, Thomas K (2008) Inputs of chemicals from recreational activities into the Norwegian coastal zone. J Environ Monitor 10(7):894–898

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langford K, Reid M, Fjeld E, Øxnevad S (2015) Environmental occurrence and risk of organic UV filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in Norway. Environment 80:1–7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H, Peart T, Svoboda M (2005) Determination of endocrine-disrupting phenols, acidic pharmaceuticals, and personal-care products in sewage by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1094(1–2):122–129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levinton JS (1995) Marine biology: function, biodiversity, ecology, vol 420. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Ma Y, Guo C, Hu W, Liu K, Wang Y, Zhu T (2007) Occurrence and behavior of four of the most used sunscreen UV filters in a wastewater reclamation plant. Water Res 41(5):3506–3512

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lima EC (2018) Removal of emerging contaminants from the environment by adsorption. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 150:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindström A, Buerge IJ, Poiger T, Bergqvist PA, Müller MD, Buser HR (2002) Occurrence and environmental behavior of the bactericide triclosan and its methyl derivative in surface waters and in wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 36(11):2322–2329. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0114254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Kanjo Y, Mizutani S (2009) Urinary excretion rates of natural estrogens and androgens from humans, and their occurrence and fate in the environment: a review. Sci Total Environ 407(18):4975–4985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lolić A, Paíga P, Santos LHM, Ramos S (2015) Assessment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in seawaters of North of Portugal: occurrence and environmental risk. Sci Total Environ 508:240–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu S, Wang N, Ma S, Hu X, Kang L, Yu Y (2019) Parabens and triclosan in shellfish from Shenzhen coastal waters: bioindication of pollution and human health risks*. Environ Pollut 264:257–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo Y, Guo W, Ngo HH, Nghiem LD, Hai FI, Zhang J, Liang S, Wang XC (2014) A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lv M, Sun Q, Hu A, Hou L, Li J, Cai X, Yu C (2014) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a mesoscale subtropical watershed and their application as sewage markers. J Hazard Mater 280:696–705

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martín J, Zafra-Gómez A, Hidalgo F, Ibáñez-Yuste A (2017) Multi-residue analysis of 36 priority and emerging pollutants in marine echinoderms (Holothuria tubulosa) and marine sediments by solid–liquid extraction followed by. Talanta 166:336–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruya KA, Vidal-Dorsch DE, Bay SM, Kwon JW, Xia K, Armbrust KL (2012) Organic contaminants of emerging concern in sediments and flatfish collected near outfalls discharging treated wastewater effluent to the Southern California Bight. Environ Toxicol Chem 31(12):2683–2688. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meador J, Yeh A, Young G, Gallagher E (2016) Contaminants of emerging concern in a large temperate estuary. Environ Pollut 213:254–267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mijangos L, Ziarrusta H, Ros O, Kortazar L (2018) Occurrence of emerging pollutants in estuaries of the Basque Country: analysis of sources and distribution, and assessment of the environmental risk. Water Res 147:152–163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchelmore C, He K, Gonsior M, Hain E (2019) Occurrence and distribution of UV-filters and other anthropogenic contaminants in coastal surface water, sediment, and coral tissue from Hawaii. Sci Total Environ 670:398–410

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar E, Maasz G, Pirger Z (2020) Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals at a seasonal holiday destination in the largest freshwater shallow lake in Central Europe. Environ Sci Pollut Res 14:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagtegaal M, Ternes TA, Baumann W, Nagel R (1997) UV-Filtersubstanzen in Wasser und FischenDetection of sunscreen agents in water and fish of the meerfelder maar, the eifel, Germany. Umweltwissenschaften Schadstoff-Forschung 9(2):79–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02937843

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakada N, Tanishima T, Shinohara H, Kiri K, Takada H (2006) Pharmaceutical chemicals and endocrine disrupters in municipal wastewater in Tokyo and their removal during activated sludge treatment. Water Res 40(17):3297–3303

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Negreira N, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Rubí E, Cela R (2009) Sensitive determination of salicylate and benzophenone type UV filters in water samples using solid-phase microextraction, derivatization and gas chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 638(1):36–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omar T, Aris A, Yusoff F, Mustafa S (2019) Occurrence and level of emerging organic contaminant in fish and mollusk from Klang River estuary, Malaysia and assessment on human health risk. Environ Pollut 248:763–773

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paíga P, Lolic AL, Hellebuyck F, Santos LH, Correia M, Delerue-Matos C (2015) Development of a SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS methodology for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in seawater. J Pharma Biomed Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmiotto M, Castiglioni S, Zuccato E, Manenti A (2018) Personal care products in surface, ground and wastewater of a complex aquifer system, a potential planning tool for contemporary urban settings. J Environ Manag 214:76–85

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park SM, Chung CW (2018) Health behaviors related to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the associated factors of adolescent Korean girls. Women Health 58(8):915–929. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2017.1363124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrouzo M, Borrull F, Marcé R, Pocurull E (2009) Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for determining the presence of eleven personal care products in surface and wastewaters. J Chromatogr 1216(42):6994–7000

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng X, Wang Z, Yang C, Chen F, Mai B (2006) Simultaneous determination of endocrine-disrupting phenols and steroid estrogens in sediment by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1116(1–2):51–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng X, Jin J, Wang C, Ou W, Tang C (2015) Multi-target determination of organic ultraviolet absorbents in organism tissues by ultrasonic assisted extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1384:97–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrovic M, Fernández-Alba AR, Borrull F, Marce RM, Mazo EG, Barceló D (2002) Occurrence and distribution of nonionic surfactants, their degradation products, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in coastal waters and sediments in Spain. Environ Toxicol Chem 21(1):37–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620210106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pintado-Herrera MG, Wang C, Lu J, Chang Y-P, Chen W, Li X, Lara-Martín PA (2016) Distribution, mass inventories, and ecological risk assessment of legacy and emerging contaminants in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary in China. J Hazard Mater 323:128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pintado-Herrera MG, Wang C, Lu J, Chang Y-P, Chen W, Li X, Lara-Martín PA (2017) Distribution, mass inventories, and ecological risk assessment of legacy and emerging contaminants in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary in China. J Hazard Mater 323:128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pojana G, Bonfà A, Busetti F, Collarin A, Marcomini A (2004) Estrogenic potential of the Venice, Italy, lagoon waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 23(8):1874–1880. https://doi.org/10.1897/03-222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pojana G, Gomiero A, Jonkers N, Marcomini A (2007) Natural and synthetic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water, sediment and biota of a coastal lagoon. Environ Int 33(7):929–936

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reichert G, Hilgert S, Fuchs S, Azevedo J (2019) Emerging contaminants and antibiotic resistance in the different environmental matrices of Latin America. Environ Pollut 255:113–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro C, Ângelo Pardal M, Martinho F, Margalho R, Elizabeth Tiritan M, Rocha E, João Rocha M (2009a) Distribution of endocrine disruptors in the Mondego River estuary, Portugal. Environ Monitor Assess 149(1–4):183–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0192-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro C, Tiritan ME, Rocha E, Rocha MJ (2009b) Seasonal and spatial distribution of several endocrine-disrupting compounds in the Douro River estuary, Portugal. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 56(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9158-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson BJ, Hui JPM, Soo EC, Hellou J (2009) Estrogenic compounds in seawater and sediment from Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 28(1):18–25. https://doi.org/10.1897/08-203.1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodil R, Schrader S, Moeder M (2009) Non-porous membrane-assisted liquid–liquid extraction of UV filter compounds from water samples. J Chromatogr A 1216(24):4887–4894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salgueiro-González N, Turnes-Carou I (2015) Occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of endocrine disrupting compounds in water, sediment and biota samples from a European river basin. Sci Total Environ 529:121–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez Rodríguez A, Rodrigo Sanz M, Betancort Rodríguez JR (2015) Occurrence of eight UV filters in beaches of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). An approach to environmental risk assessment. Chemosphere 131:85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.054

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Avila J, Tauler R, Lacorte S (2012) Organic micropollutants in coastal waters from NW Mediterranean Sea: sources distribution and potential risk. Environ Int 46:50–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Sang Z, Leung K (2016) Environmental occurrence and ecological risk assessment of organic UV filters in marine organisms from Hong Kong coastal waters. Sci Total Environ 566:489–498

    Google Scholar 

  • Santiago E, Kwan C (2007) Endocrine-disrupting phenols in selected rivers and bays in the Philippines. Mar Pollut Bull 54(7):1036–1046

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaap I, Slijkerman D (2018) An environmental risk assessment of three organic UV-filters at Lac Bay, Bonaire, Southern Caribbean. Mar Pollut Bull 135:490–495

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlenk D, Sapozhnikova Y, Irwin MA, Xie L, Hwang W, Reddy S, Brownawell BJ, Armstrong J, Kelly M, Montagne DE, Kolodziej EP, Sedlak D, Snyder S (2005) In vivo bioassay-guided fractionation of marine sediment extracts from the Southern California Bight, USA, for estrogenic activity. Environ Toxicol Chem 24(11):2820–2826. https://doi.org/10.1897/05-116R.1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serpone N, Salinaro A, Emeline AV, Horikoshi S, Hidaka H, Zhao J (2002) An in vitro systematic spectroscopic examination of the photostabilities of a random set of commercial sunscreen lotions and their chemical UVB/UVA active agents. Photochemical 1(12):970–981. https://doi.org/10.1039/b206338g

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh SP, Azua A, Chaudhary A, Khan S, Willett KL, Gardinali PR (2010) Occurrence and distribution of steroids, hormones and selected pharmaceuticals in South Florida coastal environments. Ecotoxicology 19(2):338–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0416-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staniszewska M, Falkowska L, Grabowski P, Kwaśniak J, Mudrak-Cegiołka S, Reindl AR, Sokołowski A, Szumiło E, Zgrundo A (2014) Bisphenol A, 4-tert-Octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol in The Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 67(3):335–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0023-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart M, Ahrens MJ, Olsen G (2009) Field analysis of chemicals of emerging environmental concern in Auckland’s aquatic sediments. Prepared by NIWA for Auckland Regional Council. Auckland Regional Council Technical R. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256498161. Accessed 3 July 2020

  • Stewart M, Olsen G, Hickey CW, Ferreira B, Jelić A, Petrović M, Barcelo D (2014) A survey of emerging contaminants in the estuarine receiving environment around Auckland, New Zealand. Sci Total Environ 468:202–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart M, Gaw S, Tremblay LA (2016) An update on emerging organic contaminants of concern for New Zealand with guidance on monitoring approaches for councils. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2503.5129

  • Stuart J, Capulong C, Launer K, Pan X (2005) Analyses of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in marine samples by both gas and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1079(1–2):136–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sui Q, Huang J, Deng S, Chen W, Yu G (2011) Seasonal variation in the occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in different biological wastewater treatment processes. Environ Sci Technol 45(8):3341–3348. https://doi.org/10.1021/es200248d

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarazona I, Chisvert A, León Z, Salvador A (2010) Determination of hydroxylated benzophenone UV filters in sea water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass. J Chromatogr A 1217(29):4771–4778

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tashiro Y, Kameda Y (2013) Concentration of organic sun-blocking agents in seawater of beaches and coral reefs of Okinawa Island, Japan. Mar Pollut Bull 77(1–2):333–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiebault T, Fougère L, Destandau E, Réty M, Jacob J (2019) Impact of meteorological and social events on human-excreted contaminant loads in raw wastewater: from daily to weekly dynamics. Chemosphere 230:107–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari M, Sahu SK, Pandit GG (2016) Distribution and estrogenic potential of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in estuarine sediments from Mumbai, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(18):18789–18799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7070-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tran NH, Reinhard M, Yew-Hoong Gin K (2018) Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants from different geographical regions: a review. Water Res 133:182–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trenholm R, Vanderford B, Drewes J (2008) Determination of household chemicals using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1190(1–2):253–262

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui Leung H, Lam P, Murphy M (2014) Seasonal occurrence, removal efficiencies and preliminary risk assessment of multiple classes of organic UV filters in wastewater treatment plants. Water Res 53:58–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, Leung H, Wai T, Yamashita N (2014) Occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment of multiple classes of UV filters in surface waters from different countries. Water Res 67:55–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, Leung H, Kwan B, Ng K (2015) Occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment of multiple classes of UV filters in marine sediments in Hong Kong and Japan. J Hazard Mater 292:180–187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, Lam JCW, Ng TY, Ang PO, Murphy MB, Lam PKS (2017) Occurrence, distribution, and fate of organic UV filters in coral communities. Environ Sci Technol 51(8):4182–4190. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui M, Chen L, He T, Wang Q, Hu C (2019) Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters in the South China sea coastal region: environmental occurrence, toxicological effects and risk assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 181:26–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanryckeghem F, Huysman S, van Langenhove H (2019) Multi-residue quantification and screening of emerging organic micropollutants in the Belgian Part of the North Sea by use of Speedisk extraction and Q-Orbitrap. Mar Pollut 142:350–360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vethaak A, Lahr J, Schrap S, Belfroid A, Rijs G (2005) An integrated assessment of estrogenic contamination and biological effects in the aquatic environment of The Netherlands. Chemosphere 59(4):511–524

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vieno NM, Tuhkanen T, Kronberg L (2005) Seasonal variation in the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in effluents from a sewage treatment plant and in the recipient water. Environ Sci Technol 39(21):8220–8226. https://doi.org/10.1021/es051124k

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vollmer G (2005) A review of the endocrine activity of parabens and implications for potential risks to human health. Crit Rev Toxicol 35(5):435–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440490920104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waltman EL, Venables BJ, Waller WT (2006) Triclosan in a North Texas wastewater treatment plant and the influent and effluent of an experimental constructed wetland. Environ Toxicol Chem Int J 25(2):367–372

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Li Y, Hu A, Rashid A, Ashfaq M (2018) Monitoring, mass balance and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in seven wastewater treatment plants in Xiamen City, China. J Hazard Mater 354:81–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Water New Zealand (2019) Water New Zealand, New Zealand wastewater treatment plant inventory. https://www.waternz.org.nz/WWTPInventory. Accessed 3 July 2020

  • Weigel S, Berger U, Jensen E, Kallenborn R (2004) Determination of selected pharmaceuticals and caffeine in sewage and seawater from Tromsø/Norway with emphasis on ibuprofen and its metabolites. Chemosphere 56(6):583–592

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson B, Chen R, Cantwell M, Gontz A, Zhu J (2009) The partitioning of triclosan between aqueous and particulate bound phases in the Hudson River Estuary. Mar Pollut 59(4–7):207–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Lam N, Martens D, Kettrup A, Cai Z (2007) Triclosan determination in water related to wastewater treatment. Talanta 72(5):1650–1654

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie W, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Ye C, Zheng G, Shan Q, Li L, Shao X (2020) Occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of alkylphenols in the Pearl River networks, South China. Ecol Indic 110:105847

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Liu S, Ying G-G, Zheng GJS, Lee JHW, Leung KMY (2014) The occurrence and ecological risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage effluents from three different sewage treatment plants, and in natural seawater from a marine reserve of Hong Kong. Mar Pollut Bull 85:352–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu E, Morton B, Lee J, Leung K (2015) Environmental fate and ecological risks of nonylphenols and bisphenol A in the Cape D’Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong. Mar Pollut Bull 91(1):128–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Ho P, Tse Z, Ho S, Leung K (2016) Revealing ecological risks of priority endocrine disrupting chemicals in four marine protected areas in Hong Kong through an integrative approach. Environ Pollut 215:103–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ying G-G, Kookana RS, Ru Y-J (2002) Occurrence and Fate of Hormone Steroids in the Environment. Environ Int 28(6):545–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00075-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaborska A, Siedlewicz G, Szymczycha B (2019) Legacy and emerging pollutants in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea)–loads and distribution revisited. Mar Pollut 139:238–255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Ren N, Li YF, Kunisue T, Gao D, Kannan K (2011) Determination of benzotriazole and benzophenone UV filters in sediment and sewage sludge. Environ Sci Technol 45(9):3909–3916. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2004057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao X, Qiu W, Zheng Y, Xiong J, Gao C (2019) Occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation, and ecological risk of bisphenol analogues, parabens and their metabolites in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 180:43–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong C, Zhao H, Cao H, Huang Q (2019) Polymerization of micropollutants in natural aquatic environments: a review. Sci Total Environ 693. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719336903?via%3Dihub

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Brian Mason Scientific and Technical Trust for funding the collection and analysis of samples. The University of Canterbury is thanked for a Keith Laugesen Scholarship to support PE and a Doctoral Scholarship for AM. The assistance of Rennie Bishop, Fathimath Mohamed, and Kevin Buckley with sample collection and Matthew Polson for instrument support was greatly appreciated.

Funding

Brian Mason Scientific and Technical Trust, University of Canterbury Keith Laugesan Scholarship for PE and University of Canterbury Doctoral Scholarship for AM.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Philipp Emnet

    Present address: ibacon GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, 64380, Rossdorf, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    Philipp Emnet, Anjula Sachintha Mahaliyana & Sally Gaw

  2. Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, Passara Rd, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka

    Anjula Sachintha Mahaliyana

  3. Northcott Research Consultants Limited, 20 River Oaks Place, Hamilton, 3200, New Zealand

    Grant Northcott

Authors
  1. Philipp Emnet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anjula Sachintha Mahaliyana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Grant Northcott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sally Gaw
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sally Gaw.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None to declare.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 279 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Emnet, P., Mahaliyana, A.S., Northcott, G. et al. Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Effluents and the Receiving Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota of Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), New Zealand. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 79, 461–477 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-020-00760-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-020-00760-9

Search

Navigation