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Experimental Study on Strain Burst Characteristics of Sandstone Under True Triaxial Loading and Double Faces Unloading in One Direction

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Abstract

In this study, a new strain burst test system was used to conduct two types of strain burst experiments by rapidly unloading single and double faces (in one direction), to simulate the strain burst occurring in surrounding rock of tunnel or double tunnel faces during the opposite tunneling. A high-speed image recording system and an acoustic emission system were used to monitor the failure process of strain burst of red sandstone. The commonalities of these two types of strain burst are as follows: failure stress and percentage of dissipation energy due to crack propagation were approximately equal; the evolution of mean velocity of free face was similar, which suddenly increased first and then decreased, then the gradient increased to the extremum value, and finally decreased to zero. Subregions of the fracture were consistent, and both showed shear, buckling, splitting, and ejection zones. However, the strain burst intensity for unloading double faces was larger than that for unloading single face, as demonstrated by a larger initial ejection velocity, larger volume of burst pit, and lower peak frequency. Furthermore, when double faces were unloaded, the flaky and massive features of fragments obtained due to strain burst were more obvious than the fragments obtained from the unloading of single face. Moreover, from yield to burst, when double faces were unloaded, the sandstone strain burst contained more shear microcracks, whereas the strain burst when unloading single face contained more tensile microcracks.

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Abbreviations

σ 10, σ 20, σ 30 :

Initial maximum, intermediate, minimal principal stress, respectively

σ H, σ h, σ v :

Two horizontal and a vertical in situ stresses

σ X 1, σ X 2 :

Minimal principal stress in negative and positive X-directions, respectively

U :

Total strain energy

U e :

Elastic strain energy

U k :

Kinetic energy

U d :

Dissipation energy

U e r :

Releasable elastic strain energy

U d p :

Dissipation energy due to plastic deformation before yield

U d 1 :

Dissipation energy due to crack propagation from yield to burst

U d 2 :

Dissipation energy due to crack propagation during burst process

v :

Ejection velocity

v y, v z :

Horizontal and vertical ejection velocity

v max :

Maximum initial ejection velocity

m :

Total mass of ejection fragments

d, d 1, d 2 :

Maximum distance between buckling cracks and free face

l, w, h :

Length, width and thickness of fragments

RA:

Rise time divide by amplitude

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant no. 2016YFC0600900), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41941018 & 52074299) and Province Education Department of LiaoNing (Grant no. 2020LNQN04) are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, Beijing, 100083, China

    Manchao He, Dongqiao Liu & Shudong Zhang

  2. School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology LiaoNing, Anshan, 114051, China

    Fuqiang Ren

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  1. Manchao He
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  2. Fuqiang Ren
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  3. Dongqiao Liu
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  4. Shudong Zhang
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Correspondence to Fuqiang Ren.

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He, M., Ren, F., Liu, D. et al. Experimental Study on Strain Burst Characteristics of Sandstone Under True Triaxial Loading and Double Faces Unloading in One Direction. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54, 149–171 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02272-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02272-3

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