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Case studies on the parameterization schemes of sea ice fragmentation for ocean waves

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Abstract

Sea ice on the Southern Ocean has large seasonal variations. Floe size distribution has an important influence on the dynamic and thermodynamic processes of sea ice in the region with large seasonal variation and the Marginal Ice Zone. In the work, we introduced a prognostic floe size distribution (FSD) into a sea ice model and improved the calculation of lateral melt of sea ice. On this basis, we implemented two schemes of sea ice fragmentation for ocean waves and performed case studies on the effects of swell fracture on Antarctic sea ice variations. From the studies, we show it that the two schemes of sea ice fragmentation have unique characteristics in the mass transfer of sea ice among the floe size categories; if the break-up of ice floe is neglected, the effect of the improvement in lateral melt rate calculation on sea ice simulation is not significant; the simulated patterns of reduced sea ice concentration in March because of the effects of sea ice fragmentation and modification in calculation of lateral melt rate are similar since the two schemes of sea ice fragmentation both have close connections with sea ice thickness; the simulated sea ice area fraction for individual floe size categories varies with sea ice fragmentation schemes; this is due to their difference in characteristics of sea ice mass transfer among the floe size categories.

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Acknowledgments

The cloud amount data (CA_ISCCP_D1_AMPM_19842007.nc) was downloaded from the Climserv Data Center of IPSL/CNRS. Most of the work was planned and carried out during Liu’s visits to Cecilia M. Bitz at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Funding

This study was partly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0604104) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China (Grant No. 2019B00214).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Disaster and Protection, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China

    Xiying Liu & Guanghong Liao

  2. College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Xiying Liu & Guanghong Liao

  3. College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defence Technology, Nanjing, 211101, China

    Chenchen Lu

Authors
  1. Xiying Liu
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  2. Guanghong Liao
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  3. Chenchen Lu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiying Liu.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Fanghua Xu

This article is part of the Topical Collection on the 11th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO), Wuxi, China, 17-20 June 2019

Appendix

Appendix

Table 3 Major parameters used in EXP_CONTROL
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Fig. 8
figure 8

Evolution of sea ice concentration averaged over the ocean south of 45 °S from (a) EXP_CONTROL, (b) EXP_THERMO, (c) EXP_IZH15 and (d) EXP_ITH15. The horizontal axis is time (year) and the vertical axis is sea ice concentration (the unit is × 100%)

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Fig. 9
figure 9

Fraction of ice that melts laterally (black lines) in one time step (3600 s) with no consideration of wave breaks in (a,c) January and (b,d) July for (a,b) floe size category 1 and (c,d) 6. The simulated sea ice concentration is also shown in shaded contours. The contour interval for (a) is 0.015 with lines of contour level 0.045 thickened; the contour interval for (b) is 0.002 with lines of contour level 0.01 thickened; the contour interval for (c) is 0.0004 with lines of contour level 0.0016 thickened; the contour interval for (d) is 0.0001 with lines of contour level 0.0003 thickened

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Liu, X., Liao, G. & Lu, C. Case studies on the parameterization schemes of sea ice fragmentation for ocean waves. Ocean Dynamics 70, 1587–1601 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-020-01415-y

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