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Effects of Environmental Variables and Habitat Integrity on the Structure of the Aquatic Insect Communities of Streams in the Cerrado-Caatinga Ecotone in Northeastern Brazil

  • Ecology, Behavior and Bionomics
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Abstract

Alterations in the environmental gradients of streams have a direct influence on the structure of the insect communities of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), which are extremely sensitive to changes in habitat. The present study evaluated how habitat integrity in streams influence the composition of EPT genera, by testing three hypotheses: (i) the composition of the EPT genera is modified along the gradient of environmental disturbance; (ii) the composition of the EPT genera is more homogeneous in gradients with a higher degree of anthropogenic disturbance, and (iii) the greatest degree of environmental disturbance along the gradient results in the reduction of the richness and abundance of EPT genera. The study focused on 14 tributaries of the middle Itapecuru River, within an area of ecotone between the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes. Data on the structure and physicochemical traits of the streams were collected between September 2014 and July 2015, a period that covers both the dry and rainy seasons in the study region. The results of the present study indicate that the composition of the EPT genera is modified in accordance with the variation in the habitat integrity, although, in contrast with expectations, more impacted areas had a more heterogeneous composition than undisturbed ones. The areas with more integrated landscapes contribute positively to the richness and abundance of EPT genera of the streams of the Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone. Given this, habitat integrity provide an important predictor of EPT diversity in the streams of the Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for the graduate stipend, FAPEMA (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Maranhão) (Notice 001/2014), which financed the research; Professor Lucas Ramos Costa Lima (Universidade Estadual do Piauí) for confirming the specimens of the Ephemeroptera; Werton Francisco Nobre Silva for organizing the map of the study area; and the students of the Laboratory of Aquatic Entomology at CESC-UEMA for their assistance with the collection, processing, and identification of the EPT specimens. Leandro Juen thanks the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for a research productivity grant (process 304710/2019-9).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Lab. de Entomologia Aquática, Univ. Estadual do Maranhão, Campus Caxias, Caxias, Brasil

    E. R. Castro, D. S. Veras & C. A. S. Azevêdo

  2. Lab. de Ecologia de Comunidades, Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus Caxias, Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil

    D. S. Veras & G. S. Lustosa

  3. Lab. de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ. Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil

    L. Juen

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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Elizete Ribeiro Castro, Daniel Silas Veras, Carlos Augusto Silva de Azevêdo, Leandro Juen, and Guilherme Santana Lustosa. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Elizete Ribeiro Castro and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

ERC, DSV, and LJ conceived the study and analyzed the data.

ERC and CASA collected the samples, conducted the laboratory analyses, and identified the material.

ERC, DSV, CASA, GSL, and LJ wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to E. R. Castro.

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Castro, E.R., Veras, D.S., Lustosa, G.S. et al. Effects of Environmental Variables and Habitat Integrity on the Structure of the Aquatic Insect Communities of Streams in the Cerrado-Caatinga Ecotone in Northeastern Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 50, 21–31 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00816-4

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