Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparing the efficiency of unmodified dried sludge adsorbents and those modified via chemical and microwave methods in removing 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions

  • Research article
  • Published:
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) is found in small amounts in the effluent of many wastewater treatment plants. The contamination of drinking water with this pollutant, even in trace amounts, causes toxicity, health problems, and unfavorable taste and odor. This study aims to compare the efficiency of non-modified and modified dried sludge adsorbents in removing 2,4 DNP from aqueous solutions. The results of 2,4DNP removal by high-performance liquid chromatography method at the wavelength of 360 nm in a batch mode were obtained by changing the influential factors including contact time, pH, initial concentration of the contaminant, and adsorbent dosage. Eventually, the results were analyzed by kinetic and isotherm models. In this research, the optimal time was obtained as 60 min and pH as seven for all three adsorbents. The results showed that the removal percentage increases by rising adsorbent dosage and reducing contaminant concentration. The correlation coefficient value of linear and non-linear led that in kinetic studies, it follows the pseudo-second order model. In contrast, in isotherm studies, examining linear and non-linear models of isotherms showed that the data for every three types of adsorbents follow the Freundlich model well. The adsorption process is highly dependent on pH and affects the adsorbent surface properties, ionization degree, and removal percentage. At high pH, hydroxide ions (OH) compete with 2,4 DNP molecules for the adsorption sites. The adsorption occurs quickly and gradually reaches a constant value because, over time, the adsorption sites are occupied until reaching a saturated limit. By increasing the adsorbent dosage, the adsorption percentage increased significantly, which is due to the fact that higher amounts of adsorbent cause more adsorption sites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Atangana E. Adsorption of Zn (II) and Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution using chitosan cross-linked formaldehyde adsorbent to protect the environment. J Polym Environ. 2019;27(10):2281–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Atangana E, Chiweshe TT. Metal adsorbance in abattoir wastewater using cross-linked chitosan derivatives. J Polym Environ. 2019;27(11):2624–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ahmadimoghaddam M, Mesdaghinia A, Naddafi K, Nasseri S, Mahvi A, Vaezi F, et al. Degradation of 2, 4-dinitrophenol by photo Fenton process. Asian J Chem. 2010;22(2):1009.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Berhanu T. Liu J-f, Romero R, Megersa N, Jönsson JÅ. Determination of trace levels of dinitrophenolic compounds in environmental water samples using hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2006;1103(1):1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chaara D, Pavlovic I, Bruna F, Ulibarri M, Draoui K, Barriga C. Removal of nitrophenol pesticides from aqueous solutions by layered double hydroxides and their calcined products. Appl Clay Sci. 2010;50(3):292–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kulkarni P. Nitrophenol removal by simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) using T. pantotropha in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Bioresour Technol. 2013;128:273–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ghosh A, Khurana M, Chauhan A, Takeo M, Chakraborti AK, Jain RK. Degradation of 4-nitrophenol, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol, and 2, 4-dinitrophenol by Rhodococcus imtechensis strain RKJ300. Environmental science & technology. 2010;44(3):1069–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ghaemi N, Madaeni SS, Alizadeh A, Daraei P, Zinatizadeh AA, Rahimpour F. Separation of nitrophenols using cellulose acetate nanofiltration membrane: influence of surfactant additives. Sep Purif Technol. 2012;85:147–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bayramoglu G, Gursel I, Tunali Y, Arica MY. Biosorption of phenol and 2-chlorophenol by Funaliatrogii pellets. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100(10):2685–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kermani M, Pourmoghaddas H, Bina B, Khazaei Z. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by rice husk ash and activated carbon. Pak J Biol Sci. 2006;9(10):1905–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hallenbeck WH. Quantitative risk assessment for environmental and occupational health: CRC Press; 1993.

  12. Rengaraj S, Moon S-H, Sivabalan R, Arabindoo B, Murugesan V. Removal of phenol from aqueous solution and resin manufacturing industry wastewater using an agricultural waste: rubber seed coat. J Hazard Mater. 2002;89(2–3):185–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. SHAMS KGA, DARVISHI CSR, Jorfi S. Cd (II) adsorption using waste sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment system. 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gholizadeh A, Rastegar A. Kinetic and equilibrium models for biosorption of phenolic compounds on chemically modified seaweed, Cystoseira indica. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. 2013;4(4):683–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhong Z-Y, Yang Q, Li X-M, Luo K, Liu Y, Zeng G-M. Preparation of peanut hull-based activated carbon by microwave-induced phosphoric acid activation and its application in Remazol brilliant blue R adsorption. Ind Crop Prod. 2012;37(1):178–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu Q-S, Zheng T, Wang P, Guo L. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from bamboo by microwave-induced phosphoric acid activation. Ind Crop Prod. 2010;31(2):233–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. de Oliveira TF, Chedeville O, Fauduet H, Cagnon B. Use of ozone/activated carbon coupling to remove diethyl phthalate from water: influence of activated carbon textural and chemical properties. Desalination. 2011;276(1–3):359–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wu J, Yu H-Q. Biosorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenol by immobilized white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium from aqueous solutions. Bioresour Technol. 2007;98(2):253–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dehghani MH, Tajik S, Panahi A, Khezri M, Zarei A, Heidarinejad Z, Yousefi M. Adsorptive removal of noxious cadmium from aqueous solutions using poly urea-formaldehyde: a novel polymer adsorbent. MethodsX. 2018;5:1148–1155.

  20. Tapouk FA, Nabizadeh R, Nasseri S, Mesdaghinia A, Khorsandi H, Yousefi M, Alimohammadi M, Khoobi M. Embedding of L–Arginine into graphene oxide (GO) for endotoxin removal from water: Modeling and optimization approach. Colloids Surf, A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2020;607:125491.

  21. Nandi BK, Goswami A, Purkait MK. Adsorption characteristics of brilliant green dye on kaolin. J Hazard Mater. 2009;161(1):387–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Behnamfard A, Salarirad MM. Equilibrium and kinetic studies on free cyanide adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon. J Hazard Mater. 2009;170(1):127–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sharifi S, Nabizadeh R, Akbarpour B, Azari A, Ghaffari HR, Nazmara S, et al. Modeling and optimizing parameters affecting hexavalent chromium adsorption from aqueous solutions using Ti-XAD7 nanocomposite: RSM-CCD approach, kinetic, and isotherm studies. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2019;17(2):873–88.

  24. Moghaddam MH, Nabizadeh R, Dehghani MH, Akbarpour B, Azari A, Yousefi M. Performance investigation of Zeolitic Imidazolate framework–8 (ZIF-8) in the removal of trichloroethylene from aqueous solutions. Microchem J. 2019;150:104185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dehghani MH, Yetilmezsoy K, Salari M, Heidarinejad Z, Yousefi M, Sillanpää M. Adsorptive removal of cobalt (II) from aqueous solutions using multi-walled carbon nanotubes and γ-alumina as novel adsorbents: Modelling and optimization based on response surface methodology and artificial neural network. J Mol Liq. 2020;299:112154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Sarı A, Tuzen M. Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies on aluminum biosorption from aqueous solution by brown algae (Padina pavonica) biomass. J Hazard Mater. 2009;171(1–3):973–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yousefi M, Nabizadeh R, Alimohammadi M, Mohammadi AA, Mahvi AH. Removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using granular ferric hydroxide process optimization by response surface methodology. Desalin Water Treat. 2019;158:290–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Nazmara S, Oskoei V, Zahedi A, Rezanasab M, Shiri L, Fallahizadeh S, et al. Removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions using ultraviolet irradiation coupled with hydrogen peroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1739666.

  29. Khorramfar S, Mahmoodi N, Arami M, Gharanjig K. Dye removal from colored textile wastewater using tamarindus indica hull: adsorption isotherm and kinetics study. J Color Sci Tech. 2009;3(2):81–8.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nadavala SK, Swayampakula K, Boddu VM, Abburi K. Biosorption of phenol and o-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions on to chitosan–calcium alginate blended beads. J Hazard Mater. 2009;162(1):482–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Senturk HB, Ozdes D, Gundogdu A, Duran C, Soylak M. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolu bentonite: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. J Hazard Mater. 2009;172(1):353–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. El Nemr A. Potential of pomegranate husk carbon for Cr (VI) removal from wastewater: kinetic and isotherm studies. J Hazard Mater. 2009;161(1):132–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mazloomi S, Yousefi M, Nourmoradi H, Shams M. Evaluation of phosphate removal from aqueous solution using metal organic framework; isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic study. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2019;17(1):209–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Langmuir I. The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. solids. J Am Chem Soc. 1916;38(11):2221–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Freundlich H. Uber die adsorption in losungen, zeitschrift fur phtsikalische chemie. Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie. 1906;62(5):121–5.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Khan AH, Khan NA, Ahmed S, Dhingra A, Singh CP, Khan SU, et al. Application of advanced oxidation processes followed by different treatment technologies for hospital wastewater treatment. J Clean Prod. 2020;269:122411.

  37. Daifullah A, Girgis B. Removal of some substituted phenols by activated carbon obtained from agricultural waste. Water Res. 1998;32(4):1169–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Liu Q-S, Zheng T, Wang P, Jiang J-P, Li N. Adsorption isotherm, kinetic and mechanism studies of some substituted phenols on activated carbon fibers. Chem Eng J. 2010;157(2–3):348–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhang Q, Peter Okoli C, Wang L, Liang T. Adsorption of nitrophenol compounds from aqueous solution by cross-linked starch-based polymers. Desalin Water Treat. 2015;55(6):1575–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Zakaria ND, Yusof NA, Haron J, Abdullah AH. Synthesis and evaluation of a molecularly imprinted polymer for 2, 4-dinitrophenol. Int J Mol Sci. 2009;10(1):354–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Carvajal-Bernal AM, Gómez F, Giraldo L, Moreno-Piraján JC. Adsorption of phenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol on activated carbons with surface modifications. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2015;209:150–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Uddin M, Islam M, Abedin M. Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by water hyacinth ash. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2007;2(2):11–7.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ghaneian MT, Ghanizadeh G, Gholami M, Ghaderinasab F. Application of eggshell as a natural sorbent for the removal of reactive red 123 dye from synthetic textile wastewater. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2010;11(4):0.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ong S, Lee C, Zainal Z. Removal of basic and reactive dyes using ethylenediamine modified rice hull. Bioresour Technol. 2007;98(15):2792–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Varghese S, Vinod V, Anirudhan T. Kinetic and equilibrium characterization of phenols adsorption onto a novel activated carbon in water treatment. 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Norton L, Baskaran K, McKenzie T. Biosorption of zinc from aqueous solutions using biosolids. Adv Environ Res. 2004;8(3–4):629–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ho Y-S. Second-order kinetic model for the sorption of cadmium onto tree fern: a comparison of linear and non-linear methods. Water Res. 2006;40(1):119–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was funded and supported by Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; (Grant No:96-04-27-32631). (Ethics Code: IR.IUMS.REC 1396.9511388008).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hadi Niknejad, Ali Esrafili, Majid Kermani & Mahdi Farzadkia

  2. Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Esrafili, Majid Kermani & Mahdi Farzadkia

  3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Vahide Oskoei

Authors
  1. Hadi Niknejad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Esrafili
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Majid Kermani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Vahide Oskoei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mahdi Farzadkia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahdi Farzadkia.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors of this article declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Niknejad, H., Esrafili, A., Kermani, M. et al. Comparing the efficiency of unmodified dried sludge adsorbents and those modified via chemical and microwave methods in removing 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 18, 1521–1530 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00568-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00568-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation