Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Transient velocity profiles and drag reduction due to air-filled superhydrophobic grooves

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Experiments in Fluids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental study of horizontal channel flow with air-filled superhydrophobic grooves. Air–water interfaces in the grooves are visualized in a range of the channel Reynolds number, Re, (2000 ≤ Re ≤ 5000) while flow characteristics are evaluated using particle tracking velocimetry measurements at Re = 3000 and 4000. Near the air–water interface in the superhydrophobic groove, turbulent eddies and hence the Reynolds shear stress appreciably attenuate owing to a lack of energy supply through the interface, and it takes a notable distance for the Reynolds shear stress to recover downstream of the groove. Additionally, a secondary cross-flow from the solid surface region between two grooves towards the air–water interface appears and sweeps eddies between the grooves towards the interface. The decay of turbulent eddies and the sweeping of eddies from the solid surface to the air–water interface reduce friction drag both in and immediately downstream of the grooved region.

Graphic abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alamé K, Mahesh K (2019) Wall-bounded flow over a realistically rough superhydrophobic surface. J Fluid Mech 873:977–1019

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ceccio SL (2010) Friction drag reduction of external flows with bubble and gas injection. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 42:183–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Cucinotta F, Guglielmino E, Sfravara F (2017) An experimental comparison between different artificial air cavity designs for a planning hull. Ocean Eng 140:233–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean RB (1978) Reynolds number dependence of skin friction and other bulk flow variables in two-dimensional rectangular duct flow. Trans ASME J Fluids Eng 100:215–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Elbing BR, Winkel ES, Lay KA, Ceccio SL, Dowling DR, Perlin M (2008) Bubble-induced skin-friction drag reduction and the abrupt transition to air-layer drag reduction. J Fluid Mech 612:201–236

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrante A, Elghobashi S (2005) Reynolds number effect on drag reduction in a microbubble-laden spatially developing turbulent boundary layer. J Fluid Mech 543:93–106

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gose JW, Golovin K, Boban M, Mabry JM, Tuteja A, Perlin M, Ceccio SL (2018) Characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces for drag reduction in turbulent flow. J Fluid Mech 845:560–580

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hu H, Wen J, Bao L, Jia L, Song D, Song B, Pan G, Scaraggi M, Dini D, Xue Q, Zhou F (2017) Significant and stable drag reduction with air rings confined by alternated superhydrophobic and hydrophilic strips. Sci Adv 3:e1603288

    Google Scholar 

  • Ichikawa Y, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto M, Motosuke M (2017) Near-hydrophobic-surface flow measurement by micro-3D PTV for evaluation of drag reduction. Phys Fluids 29:092005

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwamoto K, Suzuki Y, Kasagi N (2002) Reynolds number effect on wall turbulence: toward effective feedback control. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 23:678–689

    Google Scholar 

  • Jang J, Choi SH, Ahn S-M, Kim B, Seo JS (2014) Experimental investigation of frictional resistance reduction with air layer on the hull bottom of a ship. Int J Nav Archit Ocean Eng 6:363–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitagawa A, Hishida K, Kodama Y (2005) Flow structure of microbubble-laden turbulent channel flow measured by PIV combined with the shadow image technique. Exp Fluids 38:466–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee MJ (1989) Distortion of homogeneous turbulence by axisymmetric strain and dilatation. Phys Fluids A 1:1541–1557

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lee C, Choi C-H, Kim C-J (2016) Superhydrophobic drag reduction in laminar flows: a critical review. Exp Fluids 57:176

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Alame K, Mahesh K (2017) Feature-resolved computational and analytical study of laminar drag reduction by superhydrophobic surfaces. Phys Rev Fluids 2:054002

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu J, Fernandez A, Tryggvason G (2005) The effect of bubbles on the wall drag in a turbulent channel flow. Phys Fluids 17:095102

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Madavan NK, Deutsch S, Merkle CL (1984) Reduction of turbulent skin friction by microbubbles. Phys Fluids 27:356–363

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormick ME, Bhattacharyya R (1973) Drag reduction of a submersible hull by electrolysis. Nav Eng J 85:11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Murai Y (2014) Frictional drag reduction by bubble injection (review). Exp Fluids 55:1773

    Google Scholar 

  • Murai Y, Oiwa H (2008) Increase of effective viscosity in bubbly liquids from transient bubble deformation. Fluid Dyn Res 40:565–575

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Murai Y, Oishi Y, Takeda Y, Yamamoto F (2006) Turbulent shear stress profiles in a bubbly channel flow assessed by particle tracking velocimetry. Exp Fluids 41:343–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Naim MS, Baig MF (2019) Turbulent drag reduction in Taylor–Couette flows using different super-hydrophobic surface configurations. Phys Fluids 31:095108

    Google Scholar 

  • Oishi Y, Murai Y (2014) Horizontal turbulent channel flow interacted by a single large bubble. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 55:128–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Park HJ, Tasaka Y, Oishi Y, Murai Y (2014) Vortical structures swept by a bubble swarm in turbulent boundary layers. Chem Eng Sci 116:486–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Park HJ, Tasaka Y, Murai Y (2019) Bubbly drag reduction investigated by time-resolved ultrasonic pulse echography for liquid films creeping inside a turbulent boundary layer. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 103:66–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Rastegari A, Akhavan R (2015) On the mechanism of turbulent drag reduction with super-hydrophobic surfaces. J Fluid Mech 773:R4

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothstein JP (2010) Slip on superhydrophobic surfaces. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 42:89–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowin WA, Ghaemi S (2019) Streamwise and spanwise slip over a superhydrophobic surface. J Fluid Mech 870:1127–1157

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Takehara K, Etoh T (1999) A study on particle identification in PTV. J Visualiz 1:313–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka T, Park HJ, Tasaka Y, Murai Y (2020) Spontaneous and artificial void wave propagation beneath a flat-bottom model ship. Ocean Eng 24:107850

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasaka Y, Kimura T, Murai Y (2015) Estimating the effective viscosity of bubble suspensions in oscillatory shear flows by means of ultrasonic spinning rheometry. Exp Fluids 56:1867

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Maxey MR, Karniadakis GE (2002) Numerical simulation of turbulent drag reduction using micro-bubbles. J Fluid Mech 468:271–281

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (Grant no. 17H01245). In addition, the authors thank Dr. M. Tanaka of Kyoto Institute of Technology for useful comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan

    Atsuhide Kitagawa & Yuriko Shiomi

  2. Laboratory for Flow Control, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan

    Yuichi Murai

  3. School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK

    Petr Denissenko

Authors
  1. Atsuhide Kitagawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuriko Shiomi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuichi Murai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Petr Denissenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atsuhide Kitagawa.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Appendix: Comparison of normalized streamwise mean velocity u/ub between Re = 3000 and 4000

Appendix: Comparison of normalized streamwise mean velocity u/ub between Re = 3000 and 4000

Figure 

Fig. 15
figure 15

Comparison of normalized streamwise mean velocity u/ub between Re = 3000 and 4000 (ub: streamwise bulk velocity). The error bars indicate the standard deviation of the data

Full size image

15 shows the comparison of normalized streamwise mean velocity u/ub between Re = 3000 and 4000.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kitagawa, A., Shiomi, Y., Murai, Y. et al. Transient velocity profiles and drag reduction due to air-filled superhydrophobic grooves. Exp Fluids 61, 237 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03070-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03070-x

Search

Navigation