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Redox state determination of eclogite xenoliths from Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Siberian craton), with some implications for the graphite/diamond formation

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Abstract

The formation of diamonds within eclogitic rocks has been widely linked to the fate of carbon during subduction and, therefore, referred to conditions of pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity (fo2). Mantle-derived eclogite xenoliths from Udachnaya kimberlite pipes represent a unique window to investigate the formation of carbon-free, graphite–diamond-bearing and diamond-bearing rocks from the Siberian craton. With this aim, we exploited oxy-thermobarometers to retrieve information on the P–T–fo2 at which mantle eclogites from the Siberian craton equilibrated along with elemental carbon. The chemical analyses of coupled garnet and omphacitic clinopyroxene were integrated with data on their iron oxidation state, determined both by conventional and synchrotron 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The calculated fo2s largely vary for each suite of eclogite samples from 0.10 to − 2.43 log units (ΔFMQ) for C-free eclogites, from − 0.01 to − 2.91 (ΔFMQ) for graphite–diamond-bearing eclogites, and from − 2.08 to − 3.58 log units (ΔFMQ) for diamond-bearing eclogites. All eclogite samples mostly fall in the fo2 range typical of diamond coexisting with CO2-rich water-bearing melts and gaseous fluids, with diamondiferous eclogites being more reduced at fo2 conditions where circulating fluids can include some methane. When uncertainties on the calculated fo2 are taken into account, all samples essentially fall within the stability field of diamonds coexisting with CO2-bearing melts. Therefore, our results provide evidence of the potential role of CO2-bearing melts as growth medium on the formation of coexisting diamond and graphite in mantle eclogites during subduction of the oceanic crust.

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Acknowledgements

This study was performed within the state assignment project of IGM SB RAS, and was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project no. 18-35-00219, 18-05-00643A, and 18-35-20072. We acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of beam time at ID18 Nuclear Resonance Beamline and more generally for the use of ESRF state of the art facilities. This study was partially funded through “Fondi di Ateneo 2017 and 2019” to V.S. and the Deep Carbon Observatory to G.B.A. DSM acknowledges the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for Postdoctoral Researchers (Grant 2019PC0033). We acknowledge thoughtful and constructive comments from D. Canil, R.W. Luth and an anonymous reviewer that improved the quality of our manuscript.

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  1. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, SB RAS, 3 Koptyuga Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    D. S. Mikhailenko, A. V. Korsakov & E. V. Malygina

  2. State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianhe district, Kehua street, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    D. S. Mikhailenko

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy

    V. Stagno, G. B. Andreozzi & G. Marras

  4. Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143, Rome, Italy

    V. Stagno

  5. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble, France

    V. Cerantola

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  1. D. S. Mikhailenko
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Mikhailenko, D.S., Stagno, V., Korsakov, A.V. et al. Redox state determination of eclogite xenoliths from Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Siberian craton), with some implications for the graphite/diamond formation. Contrib Mineral Petrol 175, 107 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-01748-3

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