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Eruptive history of La Poruña scoria cone, Central Andes, Northern Chile

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Abstract

New stratigraphic, lithological and petrographic analyses of La Poruña scoria cone (21° 53′ S-68° 30′ W, Central Andes, northern Chile) allow the reconstruction of the eruptive sequence of this monogenetic cone. Petrographic and lithological characteristics allow us to identify three main lithostratigraphic units at La Poruña scoria cone. The first unit consists of agglutinated lapilli, spatter beds, and clastogenic lavas that are related to the construction of the cone. The other two units are associated with a lava flow field and consist of flow of andesitic composition, which differ both in their degree of weathering and in their development of channel, surface, and internal structures (e.g., levées, ogives, and joints). With these lithostratigraphic analyses, we interpret that the construction of La Poruña occurred during four main eruption phases involving Strombolian, Hawaiian, and transitional eruptive styles. Furthermore, differences in the degree of erosion, alteration, and weathering of the lithostratigraphic units in the lava field of La Poruña suggest that this flow field was formed during two eruptive events. The excellent outcrop conditions and preservation state of the volcanic products of La Poruña allow new stratigraphic insights that advance the wider and more general understanding and the dynamics of this important type of volcanism and the potential hazards of a scoria cone eruption. The polycyclic style of the eruption needs to be included in the hazards assessment of these centers type, especially when the cone is associated with structures that can be reactivated. This process could correspond to a second phase of activity, involving ash fall, bomb, and lava emission.

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Acknowledgments

Valuable and constructive comments by Dr. Scott Rowland, an anonymous reviewer and, especially, editor Dr. Hannah Dietrich helped to improve the manuscript, and Dr. Andrew Harris for your important input and comments. We thank Dr. Andrew Menzies for his support in the writing of the text in the initial phases. The authors also thank Andrés Alegre, Alejandro Álvarez, and Gabriel Ureta for their support in the field campaigns.

Funding

This work was funded by Universidad Católica del Norte (Chile) with the support of its student Diploma degree program. O.G.-M. was funded by the CONICYT-PCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2015-21150403 scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Compañía minera Teck Quebrada Blanca s.a, Esmeralda 340. Piso 9, Iquique, Región de Tarapacá, Chile

    Carolina Marín

  2. Departamento de Obras Civiles y Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 02950, Temuco, Chile

    Inés Rodríguez

  3. Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes (CEGA) y Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla, 803, Santiago, Chile

    Benigno Godoy

  4. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos, 0610, Antofagasta, Chile

    Osvaldo González-Maurel

  5. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa

    Osvaldo González-Maurel & Petrus Le Roux

  6. Departamento de Ingeniería en Minas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avda. Angamos, 601, Antofagasta, Chile

    Eduardo Medina

  7. School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, 92019, New Zealand

    Daniel Bertín

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  1. Carolina Marín
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Correspondence to Inés Rodríguez.

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Marín, C., Rodríguez, I., Godoy, B. et al. Eruptive history of La Poruña scoria cone, Central Andes, Northern Chile. Bull Volcanol 82, 74 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01410-7

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