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Study on Effect of the Solvothermal Temperature on Synthesis of 3D Hierarchical TiO2 Nanoflower and Its Application as Photocatalyst in Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater

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Abstract

3D TiO2 hierarchical nanoflower was synthesized by template-free solvothermal alcoholysis of TiCl3 with the variation of reaction temperatures (130–200 °C). XRD, SEM, BET surface analysis, UV–VIS DR spectroscopy, FTIR analysis were performed to characterize the prepared TiO2 samples. Photocatalytic degradation of model organic pollutant such as methylene blue (MB) dye was investigated using all prepared samples under UV light illumination. Results show that reaction temperature directly affects the anatase phase content of TiO2 samples, crystal structures, crystalline size, particle size, surface area, pore structure, UV absorption capacity, and band gap of the synthesized samples. The sample prepared at reaction temperature 150 °C seems to be most efficient photocatalyst for degradation of MB with rate constant 0.0287 min−1 [~ 20.5 times higher than the sample prepared at 130 °C (0.0014 min−1) and 6.83 times higher than the sample prepared at 200 °C, (0.0042 min−1)]. Optimization of reaction temperature at 150 °C was performed by testing different properties of the synthesized TiO2 nanoflower such as its surface area, organized morphology, bimodal pore-size distribution, and porosity which were synthesized at different solvothermal temperatures (130–200 °C).

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to acknowledge NIT Durgapur for financial and other administrative support for this reach activity. The authors would also like to extend their heartiest thanks to the funding agency DST Govt. of India for supporting this research through the sponsored project under BRICS Multilateral Call 2017 (Project Grant No. DST/IMRCD/Pilot Call 2/Enviorganic/2018 (G) dated 28.03.2019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India

    Kankana Seal, Hirok Chaudhuri & Soumen Basu

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India

    Kankana Seal & Mrinal Kanti Mandal

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India

    Supriya Pal

  4. Center for Research on Environment and Water, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India

    Hirok Chaudhuri, Mrinal Kanti Mandal & Supriya Pal

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  1. Kankana Seal
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  2. Hirok Chaudhuri
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Correspondence to Hirok Chaudhuri.

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Seal, K., Chaudhuri, H., Basu, S. et al. Study on Effect of the Solvothermal Temperature on Synthesis of 3D Hierarchical TiO2 Nanoflower and Its Application as Photocatalyst in Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater. Arab J Sci Eng 46, 6315–6331 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04988-4

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