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Eggshell membrane-mediated V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, and its mechanism

  • T.C. Biological and Biomimetic Materials
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Abstract

The novel V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite, an antibacterial material, was synthesized through a simple, low-cost, and energy-saving approach. The eggshell membrane was used for the first time as a bio-template, reducing and stabilizing agent during this synthesis. Ammonium metavanadate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (1:1) were the metal precursors. The synthesis involved soaking of an eggshell membrane with the metal solution at room temperature followed by the calcination. The as-prepared and synthesized V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite was characterized by thermal, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. Besides, this study determined the antibacterial activity (agar well-diffusion test) and minimum inhibition concentration (resazurin microdilution test) of V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp.) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Vibrio sp.). The annealing temperature (550 °C) for V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite was determined by the TGA-DTA study. The XRD analysis of V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite revealed the formation of both the orthorhombic (V2O5) and hexagonal wurtzite (ZnO) structures with the crystallite size of 20 nm. The FT-IR spectrum indicated the stretching vibration of V=O and Zn–O at 925 and 473 cm−1, respectively. The Raman spectra also confirmed the formation of the orthorhombic and hexagonal wurtzite structure. From DRS UV–visible spectroscopy, the optical band-gap energy of V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite was equal to 2.05 eV. The HR-SEM study of V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite depicted large spheres as well as small particles. The EDX analysis established only vanadium (32.45 wt %), oxygen (57.06 wt %), and zinc (10.48 wt %). The zeta-potential analysis of V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite showed moderate stability with a negative value of − 42.9 mV. The study of antibacterial activity exhibited a high zone of inhibition (23 mm) against the Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp. at 30 μg mL−1, and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value was observed in Bacillus sp. at 0.49 μg mL−1. The V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite can be employed in biomedical applications as an antibacterial agent.

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Funding

The author, Dr. K. Venkatachalam is extremely thankful to the financial help for the DST-SERB project for the Department of Science and Technology, India (Ref. No EEQ/2016/000559, Date.: 06.02.2017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India

    Prashanna Suvaitha Sundara Selvam, Dhinagaran Ganesan & Venkatachalam Kandan

  2. Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamilnadu, India

    Gandhi Shree Chinnadurai

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PSSS: conceptualization; methodology; formal analysis; investigation; writing original draft preparation; writing—review and editing. GSC: investigation and methodology. DG: data curation. VK: writing-review; funding acquisition; visualization; supervision; project administration.

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Sundara Selvam, P.S., Chinnadurai, G.S., Ganesan, D. et al. Eggshell membrane-mediated V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, and its mechanism. Appl. Phys. A 126, 893 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04076-2

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