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Chlorogenic Acid: A Possible Cofactor in the Rooting of ‘Kalamata’ Olive Cultivar

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Abstract

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin in various concentrations and application times were examined over a period of three years to determine their effectiveness in adventitious rooting on the leafy cuttings of an easy to root olive cultivar, ‘Arbequina’ and a recalcitrant one ‘Kalamata’. Exogenous application of phenolics and the season the cuttings were collected affected significantly the rooting potential of both cultivars. The rooting efficiency of ‘Arbequina’ treated with IBA alone was 51% in summer and 90% in autumn. Among the phenolics, in ‘Arbequina’, the highest rooting was recorded after the application of 0.1 mM CGA for 30 min reaching 88% in summer (37% increase) and 100% in autumn (10% increase). In ‘Kalamata’, IBA was almost ineffective in both seasons, as was also the case for the applied phenolics in summer. The greatest overall rooting, for ‘Kalamata’ (25%) occurred in autumn, when the cuttings’ bases were immersed with 0.1 mM CGA for 30 min, corresponding nearly to 830% increase in the rooting performance compared to control. Carbohydrate concentration was also assessed in ‘Kalamata’ cuttings to examine the influence of CGA in adventitious rooting. It was found that glucose and starch concentration increased during rhizogenesis, whereas the other soluble sugars, except for fructose, exhibited high concentrations at day 1 and 7. The ratio of hexoses/starch, sucrose/starch and sucrose/hexoses exhibited lower values in CGA treated cuttings compared to control. Thus, CGA enhanced rooting performance in both olive cultivars, possibly through a modification of carbohydrate’s ratios, strengthening therefore their role in rhizogenesis.

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Abbreviations

CGA:

Chlorogenic acid

cv:

Cultivar

DAP:

Days after planting

DW:

Dry weight

EPR:

Early phases of rhizogenesis

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece

    Nikoleta-Kleio Denaxa, Roussos A. Petros, Kostelenos D. Georgios & Vemmos N. Stavros

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  1. Nikoleta-Kleio Denaxa
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  2. Roussos A. Petros
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  3. Kostelenos D. Georgios
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  4. Vemmos N. Stavros
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RP, VS and DN-K. Performed the experiments and analyzed the data: DN-K and KDG. Contributed reagents and materials: KDG, VS and RP. Supervising the experiment: VS and RP. RP. The first draft of the manuscript was written by DN-K and the revision of the manuscript was made by RP. All authors read and approved the final manuscript to be published.

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Correspondence to Nikoleta-Kleio Denaxa.

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Denaxa, NK., Petros, R.A., Georgios, K.D. et al. Chlorogenic Acid: A Possible Cofactor in the Rooting of ‘Kalamata’ Olive Cultivar. J Plant Growth Regul 40, 2017–2027 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10249-3

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