Abstract
Coherent dynamics of cold atoms in a 2D optical lattice with interfering laser beams is studied with account for internal and external degrees of freedom of an atom. A system of differential equations for coupled degrees of freedom obtained in the semiclassical approximation has regular and chaotic solutions depending on the atomic-field detuning from resonance. The Hamilton chaos is manifested in the form of chaotic Rabi oscillations and random walks of cold atoms in the lattice for relatively small resonance detunings. It is shown that the deterministic chaos appears as a result of jumps in the value of the electric dipole moment of an atom approaching the nodes of a 2D standing wave. This in turn causes a pseudorandom behavior of momenta of atoms and, as a consequence, their random walks in the absolutely rigid 2D optical lattice without any external modulation of its parameters. It is shown in numerical experiments with 106 atoms that their distributions over the lattice for different resonance detunings differ significantly. This fact can be used for detecting the effect of random walks of cold atoms in a real experiment by the absorption image method.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author thanks L.E. Kon’kov and A.A. Didov for their help in preparing some figures.
Funding
This work was performed under the State assignment of the Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (project no. 0271-2019-0001).
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Translated by N. Wadhwa
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Prants, S.V. Chaotic Walking of Cold Atoms in a 2D Optical Lattice. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 131, 410–417 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377612008004X
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377612008004X