Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of the light spectrum of white LEDs on the productivity of strawberry transplants in a plant factory with artificial lighting

  • Research Report
  • Published:
Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The application of plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) for producing strawberry transplants (S-PFAL) was recently introduced due to the capacity for high quality and year-round transplant production. To achieve greater efficiency with this system, it is essential to select lighting sources that have a suitable spectrum for runner plant propagation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the light spectrum of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which have a different correlated color temperature compared with that of white fluorescent lamps, on the growth of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) propagules and runner plants in a PFAL. Uniform propagules with one fixed runner each were placed into a PFAL for transplant production and were grown under either warm-white LEDs (WWL), mint-white LEDs (MWL), or cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF) for 21 days. The propagules in the MWL treatment group had the greatest number of leaves, leaf area, top/root dry weight ratio and number of newly formed runners per propagule among the treatments. The dry weight of the newly formed runners of each propagule was also greatest after MWL treatment, whereas it was lowest after CWF treatment. However, there was no significant difference in the growth parameters of the runner plants among the three treatments. The photosynthetic photon efficacy of WWL and MWL was 5.40 µmol s− 1 W− 1, which was 62.6% higher than that of CWF (3.38 µmol s− 1 W− 1). The dry weight efficacies of the MWL, WWL, and CWF treatments were 23.5, 22.1, and 10.0 g kWh− 1, respectively. These results indicate that MWL with high photosynthetic photon efficacy can have positive effects on the runner formation and growth of strawberry propagules and can replace cool-white fluorescent lamps in an S-PFAL.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alpert P, Mooney H (1986) Resource sharing among ramets in the clonal herb, Fragaria chiloensis. Oecologia 70:227–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Battey N, Miere Pl, Tehranifar A, Cekic C, Taylor S, Shrives K, Hadley P, Greenland A, Darby J, Wilkinson MJ (1998) Genetic and environmental control of flowering in strawberry. In: Cockshull KE, Gray D, Seymour GB, Thomas B (eds) Genetic and environmental manipulation of horticultural crops. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 111–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Bula R, Morrow R, Tibbitts T, Barta D, Ignatius R, Martin T (1991) Light-emitting diodes as a radiation source for plants. HortScience 26:203–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chun C, Park SW, Jeong YW, Ko KD (2012) Strawberry propagation method using closed transplant production systems. Korean Patent Application No. 10-1210680

  • Darrow GM (1966) Genetic research and chromosome number. In: The strawberry: history, breeding, and physiology. Hort, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, pp 85–107

  • Durner EF, Poling EB, Maas JL (2002) Recent advances in strawberry plug transplant technology. HortTechnology 12:545–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goto E (2012) Plant production in a closed plant factory with artificial lighting. ActaHortic 956:37–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttridge C (1985) Fragaria × ananassa. In: Halevy AH (ed) Handbook of flowering. CRC Press, Florida, pp 16–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Hytönen T, Elomaa P (2011) Genetic and environmental regulation of flowering and runnering in strawberry. Genes Genomes Genomics 5:56–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SK, Jeong MS, Park SW, Kim MJ, Na HY, Chun C (2010) Improvement of runner plant production by increasing photosynthetic photon flux during strawberry transplant propagation in a closed transplant production system. Hortic Sci Technol 28:535–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein RM (1992) Effects of green light on biological systems. Biol Rev 67:199–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Konsin M, Voipio I, Palonen P (2001) Influence of photoperiod and duration of short-day treatment on vegetative growth and flowering of strawberry (Fragaria 3 ananassa Duch.). J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 76:77–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozai T (2016) Why LED lighting for urban agriculture? In: Kozai T, Fujiwara K, Runkle ES (eds) LED lighting for urban agriculture. Springer, Singapore, pp 3–18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kozai T, Kubota C, Chun C, Afreen F, Ohyama K (2000) Necessity and concept of the closed transplant production system. In: Kubota C, Chun C (eds) Transplant production in the 21st century. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 3–19

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JW, Kang WH, Park KS, Son JE (2017) Spectral dependence of electrical energy-based photosynthetic efficiency at single leaf and canopy levels in green-and red-leaf lettuces. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 58:111–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massa GD, Kim H-H, Wheeler RM, Mitchell CA (2008) Plant productivity in response to LED lighting. HortScience 43:1951–1956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCamy CS (1992) Correlated color temperature as an explicit function of chromaticity coordinates. Color Res Appl 17:142–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCree KJ (1971) The action spectrum, absorptance and quantum yield of photosynthesis in crop plants. J Agric Meteorol 9:191–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell CA, Dzakovich MP, Gomez C, Lopez R, Burr JF, Hernández R, Kubota C, Currey CJ, Meng Q, Runkle ES, Bourget CM, Morrow RC, Both AJ (2015) Light-emitting diodes in horticulture. In: Janick J (ed) Horticultural reviews, 43. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken New Jersey, pp 1–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills PR, Tomkins SC, Schlangen LJ (2007) The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance. J Circadian Rhythms 5:2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrow RC (2008) LED lighting in horticulture. HortScience 43:1947–1950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson JA, Bugbee B (2014) Economic analysis of greenhouse lighting: light emitting diodes vs. high intensity discharge fixtures. PLoS ONE 9:e99010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohno Y (2005) Spectral design considerations for white LED color rendering. Opt Eng 44:111302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paradiso R, Meinen E, Snel JF, De Visser P, Van Ieperen W, Hogewoning SW, Marcelis LF (2011) Spectral dependence of photosynthesis and light absorptance in single leaves and canopy in rose. Sci Hortic 127:548–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park SW, Kwack Y, Chun C (2018) Growth and propagation rate of strawberry transplants produced in a plant factory with artificial lighting as affected by separation time from stock plants. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 59:199–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park Y, Runkle ES (2018) Spectral effects of light-emitting diodes on plant growth, visual color quality, and photosynthetic photon efficacy: white versus blue plus red radiation. PLoS ONE 13:e0202386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pust P, Schmidt PJ, Schnick W (2015) A revolution in lighting. Nat Mater 14:454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sager J, Smith W, Edwards J, Cyr K (1988) Photosynthetic efficiency and phytochrome photoequilibria determination using spectral data. Trans ASABE 31:1882–1889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sasabe H, Kido J (2013) Development of high performance OLEDs for general lighting. J Mater Chem C 1:1699–1707

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savini G, Giorgi V, Scarano E, Neri D (2008) Strawberry plant relationship through the stolon. Physiol Plant 134:421–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serçe S, Hancock JF (2005) The temperature and photoperiod regulation of flowering and runnering in the strawberries, Fragaria chiloensis, F. virginiana, and F. × ananassa. Sci Hortic 103:167–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith HL, McAusland L, Murchie EH (2017) Don’t ignore the green light: exploring diverse roles in plant processes. J Exp Bot 68:2099–2110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun CC, Chen CY, Chen CC, Chiu CY, Peng YN, Wang YH, Yang TH, Chung TY, Chung CY (2012) High uniformity in angular correlated-color-temperature distribution of white LEDs from 2800K to 6500K. Opt Express 20:6622–6630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terashima I, Fujita T, Inoue T, Chow WS, Oguchi R (2009) Green light drives leaf photosynthesis more efficiently than red light in strong white light: revisiting the enigmatic question of why leaves are green. Plant Cell Physiol 50:684–697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Bommel WJM, Van den Beld GJ (2004) Lighting for work: a review of visual and biological effects. Light Res Technol 36:255–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu C, Hsu S, Chang M, Fang W (2011) Effect of light environment on runner plant propagation of strawberry. Acta Hortic 907:297–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki K (1982) Yōeki saibai zenpen. Hakuyūsha, Tokyo, p 41

  • Yorio NC, Goins GD, Kagie HR, Wheeler RM, Sager JC (2001) Improving spinach, radish, and lettuce growth under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with blue light supplementation. HortScience 36:380–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zahedi SM, Sarikhani H (2016) Effect of far-red light, temperature, and plant age on morphological changes and induction of flowering of a ‘June-bearing’strawberry. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 57:340–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Joint Agricultural Research Project “Establishment of propagation system for elite-transplants of strawberry using a plant factory and investigation of their physiological characteristics (Project No. PJ01186304)”, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Hyein Lee, Minh Duy Pham, Hyunseung Hwang & Changhoo Chun

  2. Indoor Farm and Protected Horticulture Laboratory, Farm8 Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, 17706, Korea

    Seon Woo Park

  3. Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Changhoo Chun

Authors
  1. Hyein Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seon Woo Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Minh Duy Pham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hyunseung Hwang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Changhoo Chun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Lee H: Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, writing of original draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Changhoo Chun.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Communicated by Jun Gu Lee, Ph.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, H., Park, S.W., Pham, M.D. et al. Effect of the light spectrum of white LEDs on the productivity of strawberry transplants in a plant factory with artificial lighting. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 61, 971–979 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-020-00284-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-020-00284-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation