Abstract—
This article presents the results of a study of a combined wind–photovoltaic installation for use in the energy sector of the Republic of Iraq. The presented hybrid system is proposed for providing energy to utility customers in Iraq and for its energy sector. Iraqi consumers are experiencing a constant shortage of electricity, and the proposed solution for joint generation of energy by wind–solar installations will help solve this problem. The authors show a total increase in the efficiency of the mini-energy complex due to the combined generation of electric energy by converting the wind flow and solar radiation. This study is devoted to the analysis and modeling of a small autonomous hybrid wind–solar energy system. During the study, parameters such as the angle of inclination, rotor diameter, wind speed, etc., were considered. The simulation of the photovoltaic installation is carried out under nominal conditions, such as the temperature of the silicon cell, solar insolation, etc. The MATLAB computer program was used to describe the mathematical models of small horizontal axes of wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. An experimental study was carried out using low power installations. The research results show that when using hybrid wind–solar systems to provide the energy complex in Iraq, the total production of the hybrid installation increases significantly. Moreover, the generation of electric energy by wind and solar installations in different months of the year is different. Those in the summer months, mainly photovoltaic batteries operate, and in the winter months, wind turbines make the main contribution to energy generation. As a result, the joint work of wind and solar installations to generate electrical energy helps to establish more uniform generation throughout the year. Such hybrid systems increase the reliability of the energy complex based on renewable energy sources. The introduction of the presented systems to provide individual consumers seems promising in the field of alternative energy.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Kuvshinov, V.V. and Al-Rufaee, F.M., The use of solar power plants to provide energy security of the Crimean region, Appl. Sol. Energy, 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 252–255. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X19040066
Vologdin, S.V., Yakimovich, B.A., Kuvshinov, V.V., et al., Analysis of various energy supply scenarios of Crimea with allowance for operating modes of solar power planta, Appl. Sol. Energy, 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 229–234. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X1904008X
Lukutin, B.V., Muravlev, I.O., and Plotnikov, I.A., Sistemy elektrosnabzheniya s vetrovymi i solnechnymi elektrostantsiyami, uchebnoe posobie (Power Supply Systems with Wind and Solar Power Plants. Handbook), Tomsk: Tomsk. Politekh. Univ., 2015.
Cheboxarov, V.V., Yakimovich, B.A., Lyamina, N.V., et al., Some results of a study of wave energy converters at Sevastopol State University, Appl. Sol. Energy, 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 256–259. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X19040029
Abd Ali, L.M. and Khaider, I.A., Development of Smart Grid elements to optimize the modes of district networks, Molod. Uchen., 2014, vol. 8, pp. 117–120. https://moluch.ru/archive/67/11332.
Abd Ali, L.M., Mohmmed, H.A., and Wahhab, H.A., A novel design of 7-level diode clamped inverter, J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 2019, no. 14, pp. 3666–3673. https://doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2019.3666.3673
International Energy Agency. Iraq’s Energy Sector: A Roadmap to a Brighter Future, 2019, p. 59. https://www.iea.org.
Mohmmed, H.A., Anssari, M.O.H., and Abd Ali, L.M., Electricity generation by using a hybrid system (photovoltaic and fuel cell), J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 2019, no. 14, pp. 4414–4418. https://doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2019.4414.4418
Yang, H., Wei, Z., and Chengzhi, L., Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a hybrid solar-wind power generation system, Appl. Energy, 2009, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.03.008
Shakya, B.D., Aye, L., and Musgrave, P., Technical feasibility and financial analysis of hybrid wind-photovoltaic system with hydrogen storage for Cooma, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2005, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.03.013
Ekren, O., Ekren, B.Y., and Ozerdem, B., Break-even analysis and size optimization of a PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage – a case study, Appl. Energy, 2009, vol. 86, nos. 7–8, pp. 1043–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.09.024
El-Shatter, T.F., Eskander, M.N., and El-Hagry, M.T., Energy flow and management of a hybrid wind/PV/fuel cell generation system, Energy Convers. Manage., 2006, vol. 47, nos. 9–10, pp. 1264–1280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2005.06.022
Reichling, J.P. and Kulacki, F.A., Utility scale hybrid wind-solar thermal electrical generation: a case study for Minnesota, Energy, 2008, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 626–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2007.11.001
Guryev, V.V., Yakimovich, B.A., and Al-Rufaee, F.M., The development of the optimal model of energy resources management in energy systems of the Republic of Crimea and the Middle East, Appl. Sol. Energy, 2019, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 189–194. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X19030034
World Weather Online. An Najaf Weather Forecast. https://www.worldweatheronline.com/an-najaf-weather/ an-najaf/iq.aspx.
Kuvshinov, V.V., Abd Ali, L.M., Kakushina, E.G., et al., Studies of the PV array characteristics with changing array surface irradiance, Appl. Sol. Energy, 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 223–228. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X19040054
NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy: RETScreen Data. https://power.larc.nasa.gov/.
Abd Ali, L.M., Mohmmed, H.A., and Anssari, M.O.H., Modeling and simulation of tidal energy, J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 2019, no. 14, pp. 3698–3706. https://doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2019.3698.3706
Ansari, O.M., Mukhamed, Kh.A., and Abd Ali, L.M., Design and simulation a hybrid generation system through wind turbine and solar energy with a heat engine, Molod. Uchen., 2018, no. 38, pp. 11–24.
Guryev, V.V., Yakimovich, B.A., Abd Ali, L.M., et al., Improvement of methods for predicting the generation capacity of solar power plants: The case of the power systems in the Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol, Appl. Sol. Energy, 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 242–246. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X19040042
Kuvshinov, V.V., Kolomiychenko, V.P., Kakushkina, E.G., et al., Storage system for solar plants, Appl. Sol. Energy, 2019, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 153–158. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X19030046
Buyal’skii, V.I., Shaitor, N.M., and Yakimovich, B.A., Optimal control of wind power plant, Intellekt. Sist. Proizv., 2018, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 70–77. https://doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2018-3-70-77
Cheboxarov, V.V., Yakimovich, B.A., Abd Ali, L.M., et al., An offshore wind-power-based water desalination complex as a response to an emergency in water supply to northern Crimea, Appl. Sol. Energy, 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 260–264. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X19040030
Abd Ali, L.M. and Issa, H.A., Hybrid power generation using solar and wind energy, Molod. Uchen., 2018, no. 7, pp. 19–26. https://moluch.ru/archive/193/48444
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We should like to thank our colleagues at the Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry (SevSU) and University of Kufa for their continuous support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Abd Ali, L.M., Al-Rufaee, F.M., Kuvshinov, V.V. et al. Study of Hybrid Wind–Solar Systems for the Iraq Energy Complex. Appl. Sol. Energy 56, 284–290 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X20040027
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X20040027