Abstract
The growing pollution by hazardous agents is a major concern due to pollutant transfer to water, air, soil and food. Since actual analytical methods are limited, there is a need for detectors that are more sensitive, more selective, faster and cheaper. For instance, advanced portable biosensors have better sensitivity compared to classical diagnostic devices. Here, we review ultrasensitive detection of pollutants by biosensors. In particular, nanobiosensors display remarkable nanomolar to picomolar detection of various pollutants including heavy metals, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, dioxin, biological oxygen demand and microbial pathogens.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdu N, Abdullahi AA, Abdulkadir A (2017) Heavy metals and soil microbes. Environ Chem Lett 15:65–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0587-x
Alpat SK, Alpar S, Kutlu B, Ozbayrak B, Buyukisik HB (2007) Development of biosorption based algal biosensor for cu(II) using Tetraselmis chuii. Sensors Actuators B Chem 128:273–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2007.06.011
Amine A, Mohammadi H, Bourais I, Palleschi G (2006) Enzyme inhibition-based biosensors for food safety and environmental monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 21:1405–1423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2005.07.012
Antunes RS, Ferraz D, Garcia LF, Thomaz DV, Luque R, Lobon GS, Gil ES, Lopes FM (2018) Development of a polyphenol oxidase biosensor from Jenipapo fruit extract (Genipa americana L) and determination of phenolic compounds in textile industrial effluents. Biosensors 8(2):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8020047
Arduini F, Ricci F, Tuta CS, Moscone D, Amine A, Palleschi G (2006) Detection of carbamic and organophosphorous pesticides in water samples using a cholinesterase biosensor based on Prussian Blue-modified screen-printed electrode. Anal Chim Acta 580:155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.052
Aspelin L (1994) Pesticide industry sales and usage, 1992 and 1993 market estimates. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/
Badihi-Mossberg M, Buchner V, Rishpon J (2007) Electrochemical biosensors for pollutants in the environment. Elecroanalysis 19:19–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200703946
Bahadır EB, Sezginturk MK (2015) Electrochemical biosensors for hormone analyses. Biosens Bioelectron 68:62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.054
Barrocas PRG, Vasconcellos ACS, Duque SS, Santos LMG, Jacob SC, LauriaFilgueiras AL, Moreira JC (2008) Biossensores para o monitoramento da exposição a poluentesambientais. Cad Saúde Colet Rio de Janeiro 16:677–700
Borji H, Ayoub GM, Al-Hindi M, Malaeb L, Hamdan HZ (2020) Nanotechnology to remove polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water: a review. Environ Chem Lett 18:729–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-00979-x
Campana AL, Florez SL, Nogeura MJ, Fuentes OP, Puentes PR, Cruz JC, Osma JF (2019) Enzyme based electrochemical biosensors for microfluidic platforms to detect pharmaceutical residues in wastewater. Biosensors 9:41. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010041
Centi S, Rozum B, Laschi S, Palchetti I, Mascini M (2006) Disposable electrochemical magnetic beads-based immunosensors. Chem Anal 51:963–975
Centi S, Silva E, Laschi S, Palchetti I, Mascini M (2007) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) detection in milk samples by an electrochemical magneto-immunosensor (EMI) coupled to solid-phase extraction (SPE) and disposable low-density arrays. Anal Chim Acta 594:9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.064
Chamundeeswari M, Jeslin J, Verma ML (2019) Nanocarriers for drug delivery applications. Environ Chem Lett 17:849–865. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-00841-1
Chee GJ, Nomura Y, Karube I (1999) Biosensor for the estimation of low biochemical oxygen demand. Anal Chim Acta 379:185–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00680-1
Chee GJ, Nomura Y, Ikebukuro K, Karube I (2000) Optical fiber biosensor for the determination of low biochemical oxygen demand. Biosens Bioelectron 15:371–376
Chen H, Mousty C, Cosnier S, Silveira C, Moura JJG, Almeida MG (2007) Highly sensitive nitrite biosensor based on the electrical wiring of nitrite reductase by [ZnCr-AQS] LDH. Electrochem Commun 9:2240–2245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.05.030
Cock LS, Arenas AMZ, Aponte AA (2009) Use of enzymatic biosensors as quality indices: a synopsis of present and future trends in the food industry. Chilean J Agric Res 69:270–280
Compagnone D, Ricci A, Del Carlo M, Chiarini M, Pepe A, Sterzo CL (2010) New poly(aryleneethynylene)s as optical active platforms in biosensing. Selective fluorescent detection of Hg(II) obtained by the use of amino acidic groups anchored on conjugated backbones. Microchim Acta 170:313–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0322-4
De Benedetto GE, Di Masi S, Penetta A, Malitesta C (2019) Response surface methodology for the optimisation of electrochemical biosensors for heavy metals detection. Biosensors 9:26. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010026
DeFrank JJ, Beaudry WT, Cheng TC, Harvey SP, Stroup AN, Szafraniec LL (1993) Screening of halophilic bacteria and Alteromonas species for organophosphorus hydrolyzing enzyme activity. Chem Biol Interact 87:141
Dhull V, Gahlaut A, Dilbaghi N, Hooda V (2013) Acetylcholinesterase biosensors for electrochemical detection of organophosphorus compounds: a review. Biochem Res Int 2013:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/731501
Dubey S, Shri M, Gupta A, Rani V, Chakrabarty D (2018) Toxicity and detoxification of heavy metals during plant growth and metabolism. Environ Chem Lett 16:1169–1192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0741-8
Durrieu C, Tran-Minh C (2002) Optical algal biosensor using alkaline phosphatase for determination of heavy metals. Environ Res Sect B 51:206–209. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2001.2140
Farre M, Pasini O, Carmen Alonso M, Castillo M, Barcelo D (2001) Toxicity assessment of organic pollution in wastewaters using a bacterial biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 426:155–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00826-6
Fernández H, Arévalo FJ, Granero AM, Robledo SN, Nieto CHD, Riberi WI, Zon MA (2017) Electrochemical biosensors for the determination of toxic substances related to food safety developed in South America: mycotoxins and herbicides. Chemosensors 5:23. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors5030023
Gavlasova P, Kuncova G, Kochankova L, Mackova M (2008) Whole cell biosensor for polychlorinated biphenyl analysis based on optical detection. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 62:304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.01.015
Granek V, Rishpon J (2002) Detecting endocrine-disrupting compounds by fast impedance measurements. Environ Sci Technol 36:1574–1578. https://doi.org/10.1021/es015589w
Hart JP, Abass AK, Cowell D (2002) Development of disposable amperometric sulfur dioxide biosensors based on screen printed electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 17:389
Herschkovitz Y, Eshkenazi I, Campbell CE, Rishpon J (2000) An electrochemical biosensor for formaldehyde. J Electroanal Chem 491:182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00170-4
Hondred JA, Breger JC, Alves NJ, Trammell SA, Walper SA, Medintz IL, Clausen JC (2018) Printed graphene electrochemical biosensors fabricated by Inkjet Maskless Lithography for rapid and sensitive detection of organophosphates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:11125–11134. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b19763
Hwang E, Song J, Zhang J (2019) Integration of nanomaterials and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer techniques for sensing biomolecules. Biosensors 9:42. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010042
Ion AC, Ion I, Culetu A (2010) Carbon-based nanomaterials: environmental applications. Univ Politehn Bucharest 38:129–132
Jain Y, Goel A, Rana C, Sharma N, Verma ML, Jana AK (2010) Biosensors, types and applications. International conference on biomedical engineering and assistive technologies at National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India, December 17–19, 2010. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281204612_Biosensors_types_and_applications
Jouanneau S, Recoules L, Durand MJ, Boukabache A, Picot V, Primault Y, Lakel A, Sengelin M, Barillon B, Thouand G (2014) Methods for assessing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): a review. Water Res 49:62–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.066
Jyoti A, Tomar RS (2017) Detection of pathogenic bacteria using nanobiosensors. Environ Chem Lett 15:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0594-y
Kalyani N, Goel S, Jaiswal S (2020) On-site sensing of pesticides using point-of-care biosensors: a review. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01070-1
Kara S, Keskinler B, Erhan E (2008) A novel microbial BOD biosensor developed by the immobilization of P. Syringae in micro-cellular polymers. J Chem Technol Amp Biotechnol 84:511–518. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2071
Khadro B, Namour P, Bessueille F, Leonard D, Jaffrezic-Renault N (2008) Enzymatic conductometric biosensor based on PVC membrane containing methyl viologen/nafion®/nitrate reductase for determination of nitrate in natural water samples. Sens Mater 20:267–279
Kim HS, Devarenne TP, Han A (2018) Microfludic systems for microalgal biotechnology: a review. Algal Res 30:149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.020
Kurosawa S, Aizawa H, Park JW (2005) Quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor for highly sensitive 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin detection in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators. Analyst 130:1495–1501. https://doi.org/10.1039/b506151b
Kuswandi B (2018) Nanobiosensors for detection of micropollutants. Environ Nanotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76090-2_4
Kuswandi B (2019) Nanobiosensor approaches for pollutant monitoring. Environ Chem Lett 17:975–990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-00853-x
Kwok NY, Dongb S, Loa W (2005) An optical biosensor for multi-sample determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Sensors Actuators B Chem 110:289–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.02.007
Lin SH, Juang RS (2009) Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: a review. J Environ Manag 90:1336–1349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.09.003
Luong JHT, Male KB, Glennon JD (2008) Biosensor technology: technology push versus market pull. Biotechnol Adv 26:492–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.007
Malhotra S, Vaerma A, Tyagi N, Kumar V (2017) Biosensors: principle, types and applications. IJARIIE 3:3639–3644
Malik LA, Bashir A, Qureashi A, Pandith AH (2019) Detection and removal of heavy metal ions: a review. Environ Chem Lett 17:1495–1521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-019-00891-z
Mallat E, Barzen C, Abuknesha R, Gauglitz G, Barcelo D (2001) Fast determination of paraquat residues in water by an optical immunosensor and validation using capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection. Anal Chim Acta 427:165–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01016-3
Marrazza G, Chianella I, Mascini M (1999) Disposable DNA electrochemical biosensors for environmental monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 387:297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00051-3
Matejovsky L, Pitschmann V (2018) New carrier made from glass nanofibers for the colorimetric biosensor of cholinesterase inhibitors. Biosensors 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8020051
Mazhari BBZ, Agsar D, Prasad MVNA (2017) Development of paper biosensor for the detection of phenol from industrial effluents using bioconjugate of Tyr-AuNPs mediated by novel isolate Streptomyces tuirusDBZ39. J Nanomater 2017:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1352134
Mishra GK, Sharma V, Mishra RK (2018) Elecrochemical aptasensors for food and environmental safeguarding: a review. Biosensors 8:28. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8020028
Moorcroft MJ, Davis J, Compton RG (2001) Detection and determination of nitrate and nitrite: a review. Talanta 54:785–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00323-X
Moraes NV, Grando MD, Valério DAR, Oliveira DP (2008) Exposiçãoambiental a desreguladoresendócrinos: alteraçõesnahomeostase dos hormôniosesteroidais e tireoideanos. Braz J Toxicol 21:1–8
Mulchandani A, Chen W, Mulchandani P, Wang J, Rogers KR (2001) Biosensors for direct determination of organophosphate pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 16:225–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00126-9
Muller M, Rabenoellina F, Balaguer P, Patureau D, Lemenach K, Budzinski K (2008) Chemical and biological analysis of endocrine-disruptors hormones and estrogenic activity in an advanced sewage treatment plant. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:1649–1658. https://doi.org/10.1897/07-519
Nakamura H, Karube I (2003) Current research activity in biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 377:446–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-1947-5
Nasiri N, Clarke C (2019) Nanostructured gas sensors for medical and health applications: low to high dimensional materials. Biosensors 9:43. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010043
Nistor C, Rose A, Farré M, Stoica L, Ruzgas T, Wollenberger U, Pfeiffer D, Barceló D, Gorton L, Emnéus J (2002) In-field monitoring of cleaning efficiency in wastewater treatment plants using two phenol-sensitive biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 456:3–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01015-7
Nomura Y, Ikebukuro K, Yokoyama K, Takeuchi T, Arikawa Y, Ohno S, Karube I (1998) Application of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate biosensor to river water monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 13:1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(97)00077-8
Philp JC, Balmand S, Hajto E, Bailey MJ, Wiles S, Whiteley AS, Lilley AK, Hajto J, Dunbar SA (2003) Whole cell immobilised biosensors for toxicity assessment of a wastewater treatment plant treating phenolics containing waste. Anal Chim Acta 487:61–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00358-1
Ponomareva ON, Arlyapov VA, Alferov VA, Reshetilov AN (2011) Microbial biosensors for detection of biological oxygen demand: a review. Appl Biochem Microbiol 47:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683811010108
Power B, Liu X, Germaine KJ, Ryan D, Brazil D, Dowling DN (2011) Alginate beads as a storage, delivery and containment system for genetically modified PCB degrader and PCB biosensor derivatives of Pseudomonas florescence F113. J Appl Microbiol 110:1351–1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04993.x
Prasad R, Kumar V, Prasad KS (2014) Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: present concerns and future aspects. Afr J Biotechnol 13:705–713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01014
Prasad R, Pandey R, Barman I (2016) Engineering tailored nanoparticles with microbes: quo vadis. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 8:316–330. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1363
Prasad R, Bhattacharya A, Nguyan QD (2017) Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: recent developments, challenges and perspectives. Front Microbiol 8:1014. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01014
Pribyl J, Hepel M, Skládal P (2006) Piezoelectric immunosensors for polychlorinated biphenyls operating in aqueous and organic phases. Sensors Actuators B Chem 113:900–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.03.077
Rani V, Verma ML (2020) Biosensor applications in the detection of heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, biological oxygen demand, endocrine disruptors, hormones, dioxin, and phenolic and organophosphorus compounds. In: Tuteja SK, Arora D, Dilbaghi N, Lichtfouse E (eds) Nanosensors for environmental applications: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 43. Springer, Cham, pp 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38101-1_1
Rathnayake IVN, Megharaj M, Bolan N, Naidu R (2009) Tolerance of heavy metals by gram positive soil bacteria. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 53:1185–1189
Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Marco MP, Alda MJL, Barceló D (2004) Biosensors for environmental applications: future development trends. Pure Appl Chem 76:723–752. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200476040723
Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Marco MP, Alda MJL, Barceló D (2005) A global perspective: biosensors for environmental monitoring. Talanta 65:291–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2004.07.006
Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Alda MJL, Barceló D (2006) Biosensors as useful tools for environmental analysis and monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 386:1025–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0574-3
Rogers KR (2006) Recent advances in biosensor techniques for environmental monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 568:222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.067
Rogers KR, Gerlach CL (1996) Environmental biosensors: a status report. Environ Sci Technol 30:486–491. https://doi.org/10.1021/es962481l
Salehi ASM, Ookyang S, Earl CC, Tang MJS, Hunt P, Smith MT, Wood W, Bundy BC (2018) Biosensing estrogenic endocrine disruptors in human blood and urine: a RAPID cell-free protein synthesis approach. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 345:19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.016
Samsonova JV, Uskova NA, Andresyuk AN, Franek M, Elliott CT (2004) Biacorebiosensor immunoassay for 4-nonylphenols: assay optimization and applicability for shellfish analysis. Chemosphere 57:975–985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.028
Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Hemavathy RV, Jeevantham S, Kamalesh R, Sneha S, Yaashikaa PR (2020) Methods of detection of food-borne pathogens: a review. Environ Chem Lett 1:1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01072-z
Sayago I, Aleixandre M, Santos JP (2019) Development of tin oxide-based nanosensors for electronic nose environmental applications. Biosensors 9:21. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010021
Scognamiglio V, Pezzotti I, Pezzotti G, Cano J, Manfredonia I, Buonasera K (2012) Towards an integrated biosensor array for simultaneous and rapid multi-analysis of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Anal Chim Acta 751:161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.010
Seifert M, Haindl S, Hock B (1999) Development of an enzyme linked receptor assay (ELRA) for estrogens and xenoestrogens. Anal Chim Acta 386(3):191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00044-6
Sharpe M (2003) It’s a bug’s life: biosensors for environmental monitoring. J Environ Monit 5:109–113
Shpigun LK, Andryukhina EY (2019) A new electrochemical sensor for direct detection of purine antimetabolites and DNA degradation. J Anal Methods Chem 2019:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1572526
Simonian AL, Flounders AW, Wild JR (2004) FET-based biosensors for the direct detection of organophosphate neurotoxins. Electroanalysis 16:1896–1906. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200403078
Singh S, Kumar V, Chauhan A, Datta S, Wani AB, Singh N, Singh J (2018) Toxicity, degradation and analysis of the herbicide atrazine. Environ Chem Lett 16:211–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0665-8
Srivastava NK, Majumder CB (2008) Novel biofiltration methods for the treatment of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. J Hazard Mater 151:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.101
Srivastava AK, Dev A, Karmakar S (2018) Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture. Environ Chem Lett 16:161–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0674-7
Starodub NF, Dzantiev BB, Starodub VM, Zherdev AV (2000) Immunosensor for the determination of herbicide simazine based on an ion selective field effect transistor. Anal Chem Acta 424:37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01143-0
Sticher P, Jaspers MC, Stemmler K, Harms H, Zehnder AJ, van der Meer JR (1997) Development and characterization of a whole-cell bioluminescent sensor for bioavailable middle-chain alkanes in contaminated groundwater samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:4053–4060
Tayanc M (2000) An assessment of spatial and temporal variation of sulfur dioxide levels over Istanbul, Turkey. Environ Pollut 107:61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00131-1
Tijani JO, Fatoba OO, Babajide OO, Petrik LF (2016) Pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, personal care products, nanomaterials and perfluorinated pollutants: a review. Environ Chem Lett 14:27–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0537-z
Tunesi MM, Kalwer N, Abbas MW, Karakus S, Soomro RA, Kilislioglu A, Abro MI, Hallam AR (2018) Functionalised CuO nanostructures for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides: a non-enzymatic inhibition approach coupled with nano-scale electrode engineering to improve electrode sensitivity. Sensors Actuators B Chem 260:480–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.01.084
Velasco-García MN, Mottram T (2003) Biosensor technology addressing agricultural problems. Biosyst Eng 84:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1537-5110(02)00236-2
Verma ML (2017a) Nanobiotechnology advances in enzymatic biosensors for the agri-food industry. Environ Chem Lett 15:555–560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0640-4
Verma ML (2017b) Enzymatic nanobiosensors in the agricultural and food industry. In: Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Lichfouse E (eds) Nanoscience in food and agriculture 4, Sustainable agriculture reviews, vol 24. Springer, Cham, pp 229–245. ISBN 978-3-319-53111-3
Verma N, Singh M (2005) Biosensors for heavy metals. Biometals 18:121–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-004-5787-3
Verma ML, Kanwar SS, Jana AK (2010) Bacterial biosensors for measuring availability of environmental pollutants. In: BEATS 2010 proceedings of 2010 international conference on biomedical engineering and assistive Technol Jalandhar India, 2010, pp 1–7. http://www.bmeindia.org/paper/BEATs2010_149
Verma ML, Kumar S, Das A, Randhawa JS, Chamundeeswari M (2019) Chitin and chitosan-based support materials for enzyme immobilization and biotechnological applications. Environ Chem Lett 18:315–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-019-00942-5
Verma ML, Dhanya BS, Sukriti Thakur M, Jeslin J, Kushwaha R (2020) Carbohydrate and protein based biopolymeric nanoparticles: current status and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 154:390–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.105
Vismara C, Garavaglia A (1997) 4-chloro-2methylphenoxyaceticacid containing compounds. Genotoxicity evaluation by Mutatox assay and comparison with acute (Microtox) and embryo (FETAX) toxicities. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 58:582–588
Waring RH, Harris RM (2005) Endocrine disrupters: a human risk? Mol Cell Endocrinol 244:2–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2005.02.007
Xu YF, Velasco-Garcia M, Mottram TT (2005) Quantitative analysis of the response of an electrochemical biosensor for progesterone in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 20:2061–2070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.009
Yulaev MF, Sitdikov RA, Dmitrieva NM, Yazynina EV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2001) Development of a potentiometric immunosensor for herbicide simazine and its application for food testing. Sensors Actuators 75:129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00551-2
Zhang Y, Arugula MA, Wales M, Wild J, Simonian AL (2015) A novel layer-by-layer assembled multi-enzyme/CNT biosensor for discriminative detection between organophosphorus and non-organophosphorus pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 67:287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.036
Acknowledgments
One of the authors (Dr Madan L. Verma) is grateful to Professor S Selvakumar, Director of Indian Institute of Information Technology Una, Himachal Pradesh, India, for providing the necessary facility to pursue the present work. The work reported here has been partial supported by grants from various agencies to Dr Madan L. Verma. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Himachal Pradesh Council for Science, Technology & Environment (HIMCOSTE Sanction Order: No. STC/F(8)-6/2019(R&D 2019-20)-377) and Australian High Commission New Delhi (Application No. AAGS2020/82), respectively.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verma, M.L., Rani, V. Biosensors for toxic metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, biological oxygen demand, endocrine disruptors, hormones, dioxin, phenolic and organophosphorus compounds: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 1657–1666 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01116-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01116-4