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Valorization of energy crop shells as potential green adsorbents for free fatty acid removal from oils for biodiesel production

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Abstract

Due to the success of the use of energy crop oils in the production of biodiesel, the heavy cultivation of these plants in many countries is being promoted. However, it may lead to the problem with its associated waste shells, which contain low nutrient; consequently, they are not suitable for use as an agricultural fertilizer, and they are abundant in hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin resulting in difficult to digest or degrade. Thus, a possible solution for this waste is to convert it into carbon-based adsorbents. Specifically, activated carbon is a product with a high added value, widely used material due to its adsorbent properties. These adsorbents could be used for reducing the free fatty acids content presents in oils intended for the biodiesel production. The presence of free fatty acids in the oils is undesirable for biodiesel production due to a performance reduction in the transesterification reaction. The aim of this work is to use biomass waste such as Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata shells for the preparation of carbon-based materials (activated carbons, Ca(OH)2 supported on activated carbons and charcoals) and to study the possibility of using them as adsorbents for reducing the free fatty acids content of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata oils.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like also to acknowledge to the General Service Research Support of the Universidad de La Laguna for their instrumental and technical support and to Canbe Lab S.L.

Funding

This research has been co-funded by FEDER funds, INTERREG MAC 2014-2020 programme, within the ENERMAC project (MAC/1.1a/117) and by Cabildo de Tenerife through the Agustín de Betancourt program for the incorporation of doctors and technologists to the University of La Laguna.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, La Laguna, 38200, Tenerife, Canary Island, Spain

    L. Díaz, A. Brito & K. E. Rodríguez

  2. Department of Food Technology, Hochschule Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037, Fulda, Germany

    L. Mertes

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  1. L. Díaz
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Correspondence to L. Díaz.

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Díaz, L., Mertes, L., Brito, A. et al. Valorization of energy crop shells as potential green adsorbents for free fatty acid removal from oils for biodiesel production. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 655–668 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01089-y

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