Abstract
Sacoglossan sea slugs can ‘steal’ chloroplasts from their algal food and use them for photosynthesis (kleptoplasty). Although it has been shown that light has positive effects on survival and body size retention of some sacoglossans likely through photosynthesis, it is unknown whether light affects their fitness components such as number of offspring or offspring size. Moreover, whether the effects of light extend over the sacoglossans’ lifetime has been unexplored. To assess such long-term effects of light intensity and food availability on fitness components, we conducted a 15.9-week laboratory experiment using Elysia atroviridis under a combination of two light intensities (low or high) and two food conditions (with or without food). The total number of eggs laid was greater in the presence of both strong light and food than in other conditions, suggesting positive effects of both light intensity and food availability. The shell height at hatch was also largest in the presence of strong light and food. Larval rearing experiments showed that the size difference at hatch between conditions corresponded to a 1.19–1.93 days growth and 7.9–18.1% survival increase. Thus, positive effects of light and food on the fitness components extend over the lifetime of E. atroviridis.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Drs. Kunifumi Tagawa, Noriko Yasuoka, and the staff at Mukaishima Marine Biological Laboratory of Hiroshima University for help in collection, and Drs. Atsushi Sakai, Keiji Wada, Hiroaki Sato, Izumi Katano, and two anonymous reviewers for advice and comments.
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HS and YY conceived and designed the research. HS, SM, and YY performed the research. HS, TYI, and YY analyzed data. All authors contributed to the manuscript.
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Communicated by Pablo Munguia.
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Shiroyama, H., Mitoh, S., Ida, T.Y. et al. Adaptive significance of light and food for a kleptoplastic sea slug: implications for photosynthesis. Oecologia 194, 455–463 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04779-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04779-6