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Hypercrosslinked poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC): synthesis via suspension polymerization, characterizations, and potential to adsorb diclofenac and metformin from aqueous solution

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Abstract

Poly(acrylonitrile-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-vinylbenzyl chloride) (poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC)) was synthesized by suspension polymerization and further hypercrosslinked by Friedel-Crafts reaction to serve as a sorbent to remove the pharmaceuticals. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed decreased chlorine content in the polymers, confirming a successful hypercrosslinking. BET analysis revealed that the hypercrosslinked (HXL) poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) had a specific surface area up to 363 m2 g−1 with an average particle size of 77.2–174.1 μm. Hypercrosslinking of the polymer increased the specific surface area up to 42%, even at low VBC content (10%). Pore size distribution showed that the terpolymers were mesoporous. The maximum adsorption capacity of diclofenac (DCF) and metformin (MET) determined by the Langmuir isotherm model were up to 61.0 mg g−1 and 5.1 mg g−1, respectively and the adsorption kinetic followed pseudo-second-order rate equation. The equilibrium capacity of the sorbent decreased to approximately 78% for DCF and 72% for MET after four cycles of adsorption-desorption process, exhibiting good reusability property.

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The datasets generated and/or analyzed from the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia for providing the research facilities.

Funding

This research was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (MOHE) under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS); UPM/700-2/1/FRGS/03-01-16-1844FR & MOHE reference FRGS/1/2016/TK05/UPM/02/1, vote number 5524951.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nur Syafiqah Shaipulizan, Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil, Sazlinda Kamaruzaman, Nur Nida Syamimi Subri & Nurhanisah Othman

  2. Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil

  3. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Luqman Chuah Abdullah & Thomas Shean Yaw Choong

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  1. Nur Syafiqah Shaipulizan
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Contributions

N.S.S. performed all the experimental and data analysis; S.N.A.M.J., N.N.S.S., N.O., and S.K. involved in data analysis; S.N.A.M.J., L.C.A., and T.S.Y.C. contributed reagents, materials, and analysis tools.

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Correspondence to Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil.

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Shaipulizan, N.S., Jamil, S.N.A.M., Abdullah, L.C. et al. Hypercrosslinked poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC): synthesis via suspension polymerization, characterizations, and potential to adsorb diclofenac and metformin from aqueous solution. Colloid Polym Sci 298, 1649–1667 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04757-7

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