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Identification of the interactions and feedbacks among watershed water-energy balance dynamics, hydro-meteorological factors, and underlying surface characteristics

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Abstract

It is important to investigate watershed water-energy balance dynamics and their interactions and feedbacks with hydro-meteorological factors and underlying surface characteristics, to enhance the understanding of the complex interrelationships among the water, energy, soil, and biosphere cycles. In this study, the single parameter Budyko equation was used. The Budyko equation represents the water-energy balance, and the parameter n represents all the characteristics in the system that affect the partition of precipitation (P) into runoff (R) and evapotranspiration (E). The dynamics of the n in watersheds were studied. The Granger causality was adopted to explore the interactions between n and various influencing factors including hydro-meteorological factors and underlying surface characteristics. Two basins located in the Loess Plateau were selected as a case study. The results indicated that (1) the n of the Jing River Basin (JRB) has a continuous increasing trend and that of the Beiluo River Basin has a continuous decreasing trend; (2) there are strong interplays between n and R, the aridity index (Ep/P), and evaporative ratio (E/P) in both watersheds; (3) soil moisture interacts with R and E/P, thereby unidirectionally influencing the n in both watersheds; and (4) the effective irrigation area interacts with n through its strong impacts on E/P and EP/P in the JRB.

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Acknowledgements

This research was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 51709221), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant number 2017YFC0405900), the Planning Project of Science and Technology of Water Resources of Shaanxi (grant numbers 2017slkj-19), the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, grant number IWHR-SKL-KF201803), and the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Fund (grant number 2018M640155).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China

    Xiaoting Wei, Shengzhi Huang, Qiang Huang, Jing Zhao & Dong Liu

  2. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Guoyong Leng

  3. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China

    Hao Wang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Simulation and Safety, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Li He

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  1. Xiaoting Wei
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Wei, X., Huang, S., Huang, Q. et al. Identification of the interactions and feedbacks among watershed water-energy balance dynamics, hydro-meteorological factors, and underlying surface characteristics. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 35, 69–81 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01896-9

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