Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mechanism of Cr(VI) uptake onto sagwan sawdust derived biochar and statistical optimization via response surface methodology

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study elaborates the use of sagwan sawdust biochar as an efficient adsorbent for Cr(VI) abatement. Effect of experimental variables like solution pH (2–10), initial Cr(VI) concentration (30–100 mg/L), temperature (30–40 °C), adsorbent dose/Cr(VI) concentration (16.67–200), and contact time (10–80 min) was studied through batch operations. The optimization and interaction study for process parameters was done by employing response surface methodology through Box-Behnken design. The optimized condition for the maximum adsorption was pH 2.07, temperature 30.72 °C, and dose/Cr(VI) concentration 160.93. The surface characteristics of the adsorbent were evaluated via pHzpc, FTIR, BET surface area, SEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS analysis. Functional groups like O-H, C-O, C-H, and C=O were responsible for the adsorption process, and change in the oxidation state of Cr was affirmed by XPS survey. The Cr(VI) adsorption was governed by second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm with Q0 of 9.62 mg/g. The thermodynamic study revealed the process to be exothermic and spontaneous. Mass transfer studies confirmed film diffusion to be favorable in the adsorption process. Adsorption occurred via electrostatic and physical attraction, reduction, and complexation. Therefore, the results suggest sagwan sawdust biochar is satisfactory and effective in removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sundararaju S, Manjula A, Kumaravel V, Muneeswaran T, Vennila T (2020) Biosorption of nickel ions using fungal biomass Penicillium sp. MRF1 for the treatment of nickel electroplating industrial effluent. Biomass Conv Bioref. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00679-0

  2. Iqbal M (2016) Vicia faba bioassay for environmental toxicity monitoring: a review. Chemosphere 144:785–802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Abbas M, Adil M, Ehtisham-ul-Haque S, Munir B, Yameen M, Ghaffar A, Abbas Shar G, Asif Tahir M, Iqbal M (2018) Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay for ecotoxicity assessment: a review. Sci Total Environ 626:1295–1309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cheng C, Jia M, Cui L, Li Y, Xu L, Jin X (2020) Adsorption of Cr(VI) ion on tannic acid/grapheme oxide composite aerogel: kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics studies. Biomass Conv Bioref. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00899-4

  5. Gardea-Torresdey JL, Tiemann KJ, Armendariz V, Bess-Oberto L, Chianelli RR, Rios J, Parsons JG, Gamez G (2000) Characterization of Cr(VI) binding and reduction to Cr(III) by the agricultural byproducts of Avena monida (Oat) biomass. J Hazard Mater B80:175–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Vinodhini V, Das N (2009) Biowaste materials as sorbents to remove chromium (VI) from aqueous environment-a comparative study. J Agric Biol Sci 4(6):19–25

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kapur M, Mondal MK (2013) Mass transfer and related phenomena for Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions onto Mangifera indica sawdust. Chem Eng J 218:138–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rathore AS, Gupta GK, Kapur M, Mondal MK (2017) Study on mass transfer characteristics for Cr(VI) removal by adsorption onto residual black toner ink. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 36:1022–1029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Minas F, Chandravanshi BS, Leta S (2017) Chemical precipitation method for chromium removal and its recovery from tannery wastewater in Ethiopia. Chem Int 3(4):392–405

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chang Q, Wang G (2007) Study on the macromolecular coagulant PEX which traps heavy metals. Chem Eng Sci 62:4636–4643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fu F, Wang Q (2011) Removal of heavy metal ions from waste waters – a review. J Environ Manag 92(3):407–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Alkherraz AM, Ali AK, Elsherif KM (2020) Removal of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto olive branches activated carbon: equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Chem Int 6(1):11–20

    Google Scholar 

  13. Akram M, Nawaz Bhatti H, Iqbal M, Noreen S, Sadaf S (2017) Biocomposite efficiency for Cr(VI) adsorption: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies. J Environ Chem Eng 5(1):400–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Abbas SH, Ismail IM, Mostafa TM, Sulaymon AH (2014) Biosorption of heavy metals: a review. J Chem Sci Tech 3(4):74–102

    Google Scholar 

  15. Li Q, Zhai J, Zhang W, Wang M, Zhou J (2007) Kinetic studies of adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by sawdust and modified peanut husk. J Hazard Mater 141:163–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ashraf A, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Ok YS, Murtaza G, Sahid M, Kunhikrishnan A, Li D (2017) Chromium (VI) sorption efficiency of acid-activated banana peel over organo-montmorillonite in aqueous solutions. Int J Phytoremediation 19(7):605–613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Srivastava S, Agrawal SB, Mondal MK (2016) Characterization, isotherm and kinetic study of Phaseolus vulgaris husk as an innovative adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal. Korean J Chem Eng 33(2):567–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hyder AHMG, Begum SA, Egiebor NO (2015) Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies of hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution onto bone char. J Environ Chem Eng 3:1329–1336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu Z, Wang G, Zhao X (2010) Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using ultrafine coal fly ash. J Wuhan Univ Technol – Mat Sci Edit 323-327

  20. Ahamd Bhatti I, Ahmad N, Iqbal N, Zahid M, Iqbal M (2017) Chromium adsorption using waste tire and conditions optimization by response surface methodology. J Environ Chem Eng 5(3):2740–2751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang HZ, Chen CR, Gray EM, Boyd SE (2017) Effect of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on properties of biochar governing end use efficacy. Biomass Bioenergy 105:136–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ikenyiri PN, Abowei FMN, Ukpaka CP, Amadi SA (2019) Characterization and physicochemical properties of wood sawdust in Niger area, Nigeria. Chem Int 5(3):190–197

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wang C, Gu L, Liu X, Zhang X, Cao L, Hu X (2016) Sorption behavior of Cr(VI) on pineapple-peel-derived biochar and the influence of coexisting pyrene. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 111:78–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kahraman HT, Pehlivan E (2017) Cr6+ removal using oleaster (Elaeagnus) seed and cherry (Prunus avium) stone biochar. Powder Technol 306:61–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gupta GK, Ram M, Bala R, Kapur M, Mondal MK (2018) Pyrolysis of chemically treated corncob for biochar production and its application in Cr(VI) removal. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 37:1606–1617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Choudhary B, Paul D (2018) Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of hexavalent chromium removal using biochar. J Environ Chem Eng 6:2335–2343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ramirez A, Ocampo R, Giraldo S, Padilla E, Flórez E, Acelas N (2020) Removal of Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution using an activated carbon obtained from teakwood sawdust: kinetics, equilibrium, and density functional theory calculations. J Environ Chem Eng 8:103702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gupta GK, Mondal MK (2019) Bio-energy generation from Sagwan sawdust via pyrolysis: product distributions, characterizations and optimization using response surface methodology. Energy 170:423–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1975) Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, 14th ed., Washington, DC

  30. Singh S, Chakraborty JP, Mondal MK (2019) Optimization of process parameters for torrefaction of Acacia nilotica using response surface methodology and characteristics of torrefied biomass as upgraded fuel. Energy 186:115865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gupta GK, Gupta PK, Mondal MK (2019) Experimental process parameters optimization and in-depth product characterizations for teak sawdust pyrolysis. Waste Manag 87:499–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Srivastava S, Agrawal SB, Mondal MK (2017) Synthesis, characterization and application of Lagerstroemia speciosa embedded magnetic nanoparticle for Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution. J Environ Sci 55:283–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Mortazavian S, Saber A, Hong J, Bae JH, Chun D, Wong N, Gerrity D, Batista J, Kim KJ, Moon J (2019) Synthesis, characterization, and kinetic study of activated carbon modified by polysulfide rubber coating for aqueous hexavalent chromium removal. J Ind Eng Chem 69:196–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Shekari H, Sayadi MH, Rezaei MR, Allahresani A (2017) Synthesis of nickel ferrite/titanium oxide magnetic nanocomposite and its use to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions. Surf Interfaces 8:199–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Nigam M, Rajoriya S, Singh SR, Kumar P (2019) Adsorption of Cr(VI) ion from tannery wastewater on tea waste: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies. J Ind Eng Chem 7:103188

    Google Scholar 

  36. Khosravi R, Fazlzadehdavil M, Barikbin B, Taghizadeh AA (2014) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by granular and powdered Peganum Harmala. Appl Surf Sci 292:670–677

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Legrouri K, Khouya E, Hannache H, El Hartti M, Ezzine M, Naslain R (2017) Activated carbon from molasses efficiency for Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption: a mechanistic study. Chem Int 3(3):301–310

    Google Scholar 

  38. Owalude SO, Tella AC (2016) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by adsorption on modified groundnut hull. Beni-Seuf Univ J Appl Sci 5:377–388

    Google Scholar 

  39. Witek-Krowiak A, Szafran RG, Modelski S (2011) Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions onto peanut shell as a low-cost biosorbent. Desalination. 265:126–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Arvindekar AU, Laddha KS (2016) An efficient microwave assisted extraction of anthraquinones from Rheum emodi: optimization using RSM, UV and HPLC analysis and antioxidant studies. Ind Crop Prod 83:587–595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Mohammed IY, Abakr YA, Yusup S, Kazi FK (2017) Valorization of napier grass via intermediate pyrolysis: optimization using response surface methodology and pyrolysis products analysis. J Clean Prod 142:1848–1866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Dubey S, Upadhyay SN, Sharma YC (2016) Optimization of removal of Cr by -alumina nano-adsorbent using response surface methodology. Ecol Eng 97:272–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Langmuir I (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc 40:1361–1367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. AL-Othman ZA, Ali R, Naushad M (2012) Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous medium by activated carbon prepared from peanut shell: Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng J 184:238–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Tang Y, Chen L, Wei X, Yao Q, Li T (2013) Removal of lead ions from aqueous solution by the dried aquatic plant, Lemna perpusilla Torr. J Hazard Mater 244–245:603–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Freundlich HMF (1906) Uber die adsorption in losungen. Z Phys Chem (Leipzig) 57A:385–470

    Google Scholar 

  47. Temkin MJ, Pyzhev V (1940) Recent modifications to Langmuir isotherms. Acta Physicochim. URSS 12:217–222

  48. Wahab R, Khan F, Kaushik NK, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA (2017) Photocatalytic TMO-NMs adsorbent: temperature-time dependent Safranine degradation, sorption study validated under optimized effective equilibrium models parameter with standardized statistical analysis. Sci Rep 7:42509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Weber WJ, Morris JC (1964) Equilibria and capacities for adsorption on carbon. J Sanit Eng Div 90:79–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Chen M, He F, Hu D, Bao C, Huang Q (2020) Broadened operating pH range for adsorption/reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) using biochar from directly treated jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) fibers by H3PO4. Chem Eng J 381(1):122739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Mohan D, Rajput S, Singh VK, Steele PH, Pittman CU Jr (2011) Modeling and evaluation of chromium remediation from water using low cost bio-char, a green adsorbent. J Hazard Mater 188:319–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Mohan D, Singh KP, Singh VK (2005) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using low-cost activated carbons derived from agricultural waste materials and activated carbon fabric cloth. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:1027–1042

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are very obliged to the Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Central Instrument Facility Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, for imparting amenities for the completion of the research study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Goutam Kishore Gupta & Monoj Kumar Mondal

Authors
  1. Goutam Kishore Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Monoj Kumar Mondal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monoj Kumar Mondal.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gupta, G.K., Mondal, M.K. Mechanism of Cr(VI) uptake onto sagwan sawdust derived biochar and statistical optimization via response surface methodology. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 709–725 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01082-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01082-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation