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Modeling and minimization of FWM effects in DWDM-based long-haul optical communication systems

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Abstract

Optical communication systems (OCSs) mainly represent the backbone of modern long-haul communication networks because of low loss transmission over long distances and ultra-high capacity. However high data-rate transmission through optical fiber suffers from deterioration due to nonlinear impairments, such as four-wave mixing (FWM) in particular. At high launch power levels, which are required for the long-haul transmission over hundreds of km, these nonlinear effects become more severe which imposes a challenge to achieve satisfactory transmission performance. In this paper, a theoretical model for the FWM effects and its mitigation is presented and validated through simulation results. Moreover, two other nonlinear effects, polarization mode dispersion and nonlinear dispersion variations are also investigated for various values of launch power level. The transmission performance of the proposed OCS model is evaluated on the basis of bit error rate, optical signal-to-noise ratio and quality factor using different transmission channel parameters such as effective area, nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear dispersion, and linear dispersion.

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Notes

  1. The terms launch power and input power are used interchangeably in this paper.

  2. 3R means re-amplification, re-shaping, and re-timing of the signal at the Rx side.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Qurtuba University of Science and IT, D.I.Khan, Pakistan

    Farman Ali

  2. Electrical Engineering Department, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Fazal Muhammad

  3. School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea

    Usman Habib

  4. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Yousaf Khan

  5. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of of Engineering and Technology, Mardan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Usman

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  1. Farman Ali
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  2. Fazal Muhammad
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  4. Yousaf Khan
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Correspondence to Farman Ali.

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Ali, F., Muhammad, F., Habib, U. et al. Modeling and minimization of FWM effects in DWDM-based long-haul optical communication systems. Photon Netw Commun 41, 36–46 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-020-00913-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-020-00913-9

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