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Effect of the Temperature and of the Drawing Conditions on the Fracture Behaviour of Thermoplastic Starch Films for Packaging Applications

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Abstract

In this work the effects of testing temperature and drawing orientation on the fracture behaviour of biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic starch based films, currently applied in the food packaging field, were investigated. At this aim, the Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) approach was applied on samples tested at 0 °C, 25 °C and 50 °C both in machine (MD) and in cross (CD) directions. The specific essential work of fracture (we) values strongly decreased with the testing temperature, and we values of CD samples were systematically higher than those of the corresponding MD samples. Considering that photograms of the CD samples taken during the EWF tests highlighted that the yielding zone became progressively opaque as an effect of the strain induced crystallization, it was hypothesized that in CD specimens part of the tensile energy applied during the straining process was utilized for the orientation of the macromolecules along the strain direction, rather than for the propagation of the crack in the ligament zone. Tensile tests under quasi-static conditions on dumbbell specimens highlighted that, regardless to the drawing direction, the stiffness and the resistance at yield and at break decreased with the temperature, while the strain at break was considerably enhanced. Moreover, because of the strong anisotropy induced by the molecular orientation in the drawing direction, MD tested samples had higher elastic modulus, yield resistance, and stress at break compared to CD samples.

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Abbreviations

DENT:

Double edge notched tension

E:

Tensile modulus

β:

Plastic shape factor

σy :

Yield stress

L:

Ligament length

\({\overline{\text{L}}}\) :

Arithmetic mean of the ligament length

W:

Width of the DENT specimens

t:

Thickness of the DENT specimens

n:

Number of specimens

R2 :

Coefficient of determination

S:

Standard error of the linear regression

\({\overline{\text{S}}}\) :

Standard deviation of Wf values

S11, S12, S22 :

Parameters of the linear regression

Wf :

Total work of fracture

wf :

Specific total work of fracture

\(\overline{{\text{W}}}_{{\text{f}}}\) :

Arithmetic mean of Wf values

\({\text{W}}_{{\text{e}}}\) :

Essential work of fracture

\({\text{w}}_{{\text{e}}}\) :

Specific essential work of fracture

\({\text{W}}_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Non-essential work of fracture

\({\text{w}}_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Specific non-essential work of fracture

\({\text{w}}_{{{\text{prop}}}}\) :

Specific essential work for crack propagation

\({\text{w}}_{{{\text{ini}}}}\) :

Specific essential work for crack initiation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy

    Andrea Dorigato, Davide Perin & Alessandro Pegoretti

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  1. Andrea Dorigato
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  2. Davide Perin
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  3. Alessandro Pegoretti
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Correspondence to Andrea Dorigato or Alessandro Pegoretti.

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Dorigato, A., Perin, D. & Pegoretti, A. Effect of the Temperature and of the Drawing Conditions on the Fracture Behaviour of Thermoplastic Starch Films for Packaging Applications. J Polym Environ 28, 3244–3255 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01843-3

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