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Femtoscopy scales and particle production in the relativistic heavy ion collisions from Au+Au at 200 AGeV to Xe+Xe at 5.44 ATeV within the integrated hydrokinetic model

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Abstract

The recent results on the main soft observables, including hadron and photon yields and particle number ratios, \(p_T\) spectra, flow harmonics, as well as the femtoscopy radii, obtained within the integrated hydrokinetic model (iHKM) for high-energy heavy-ion collisions are reviewed and re-examined. The cases of different nuclei colliding at different energies are considered: Au+Au collisions at the top RHIC energy \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\) GeV, Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energies \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\) TeV and \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02\) TeV, and the LHC Xe+Xe collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.44\) TeV. The effect of the initial conditions and the model parameters, including the utilized equation of state (EoS) for quark-gluon phase, on the simulation results, as well as the role of the final afterburner stage of the matter evolution are discussed. The possible solution of the so-called “photon puzzle” is considered. The attention is also paid to the dependency of the interferometry volume and individual interferometry radii on the initial transverse geometrical size of the system formed in the collision.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: All the necessary data are presented in the tables and figures within the article. The model results demonstrated in the graphs can also be obtained from the authors in tabular form.]

Notes

  1. The corresponding Lorentz \(\gamma \) factor in the center of mass frame is of the order of \(10^2\) for top RHIC energy and of the order of \(10^3\) for the LHC. Thus, the thickness of the partonic “pancake” in each case is of the order of \(10^{-2}\) fm and \(10^{-3}\) fm respectively. At the same time in the momentum space the corresponding momentum distributions are respectively Lorentz elongated, that can be accounted for by using a wide (in longitudinal direction) initial momentum distribution.

  2. It is interesting, that although a new state of matter, created in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is often referred to as “quark-gluon plasma” (QGP), to stress its property to contain free color charges, it actually behaves rather like a nearly perfect liquid, than like “plasma”, i.e. like ionized gas.

  3. The utilized list of hadron states is consistent with the Laine–Schroeder EoS, however for the HotQCD EoS it leads to small violation of conservation laws. As it is shown in [71], to reach the full correspondence of HotQCD and HRG equations of state one needs to include in the latter one not only all the present states from Particle Data Group table (including not well-established), but also a large number of hypothetical states predicted by quark model. In our current analysis we do not account for these states.

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Acknowledgements

The research was carried out within the project “Spatiotemporal dynamics and properties of superdense matter in relativistic collisions of nuclei, and their signatures in current experiments at the LHC, RHIC and planned FAIR, NICA”. Agreement 7/2020 with NAS of Ukraine. It is partially supported by Tomsk State University Competitiveness Improvement Program and by COST Action THOR (CA15213).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, 14b Metrolohichna street, Kiev, 03143, Ukraine

    V. M. Shapoval, M. D. Adzhymambetov & Yu. M. Sinyukov

  2. Department of Physics, Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation

    Yu. M. Sinyukov

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  1. V. M. Shapoval
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Correspondence to Yu. M. Sinyukov.

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Shapoval, V.M., Adzhymambetov, M.D. & Sinyukov, Y.M. Femtoscopy scales and particle production in the relativistic heavy ion collisions from Au+Au at 200 AGeV to Xe+Xe at 5.44 ATeV within the integrated hydrokinetic model. Eur. Phys. J. A 56, 260 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00266-x

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