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Mechanisms of arsenic contamination associated with hydrochemical characteristics in coastal alluvial aquifers using multivariate statistical technique and hydrogeochemical modeling: a case study in Rayong province, eastern Thailand

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Abstract

The rapid development of Rayong Province has resulted in increased demands on groundwater usage. This has potentially induced the release of contaminants such as arsenic (As), among others (i.e., NO3−, PO43−) from various land use types—especially in intensive agricultural areas and heavy industrial areas, including landfill sites. The objectives of this research are to investigate the As speciation and groundwater chemistry occurring due to different hydrogeological settings and the influence of human activities and to explain the mechanism of As release in the coastal alluvial aquifers in Rayong Province using multivariate statistical techniques and hydrogeochemical modeling (PHREEQC). Six major water facies, mainly consisting of Ca–Na–HCO3–Cl and Ca–Na–Cl, were included in the hydrochemical analysis. Arsenic levels were inversely correlated with NO3−, SO42−, DO, and ORP, confirming the reducing environment in the groundwater system. The results from the PHREEQC model show that most wells were strongly under-supersaturated with respect to arsenorite, scorodite, and arsenic pentoxide. Arsenic (As) is probably derived from the dissolution of Fe oxide and hydroxide (i.e., Fe(OH)3, goethite, maghemite, and magnetite). The multivariate statistical techniques revealed that the As species mainly consisted of As(III), governed by the reducing environment, while As(V) may be desorbed from Fe oxide and hydroxide as the pH increases. Anthropogenic inputs and intensive pumping may enhance the reducing environment, facilitating the release of As(III) into the groundwater. The knowledge gained from this study helps to better understand the mechanisms of As contamination in coastal groundwater aquifers, which is useful for groundwater management, including the optimum pumping rate and long-term monitoring of groundwater quality.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge of the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/0137/2558), National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT): NRCT5-RSA63001-06, the 90th Year Chulalongkorn University Scholarship, Chulalongkorn University, the Ratchadapisek Sompoch Endowment Fund (2020) under Microplastic Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, and the International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University for their invaluable supports in terms of facilities and scientific equipment. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the Office of Higher Education Commission (OHEC) and the S&T Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office (PERDO) for financial support. We also thank the Ratchadaphisek Somphot Endowment Fund, Chulalongkorn University for funding the Research Unit.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Satika Boonkaewwan

  2. Center of Excellence On Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Satika Boonkaewwan & Srilert Chotpantarat

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road Rachadhavi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Prinpida Sonthiphand

  4. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Satika Boonkaewwan & Srilert Chotpantarat

  5. Research Program On Controls of Hazardous Contaminants in Raw Water Resources for Water Scarcity Resilience, Center of Excellence On Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Srilert Chotpantarat

  6. Research Unit of Green Mining (GMM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Srilert Chotpantarat

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  1. Satika Boonkaewwan
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  2. Prinpida Sonthiphand
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  3. Srilert Chotpantarat
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Correspondence to Srilert Chotpantarat.

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Boonkaewwan, S., Sonthiphand, P. & Chotpantarat, S. Mechanisms of arsenic contamination associated with hydrochemical characteristics in coastal alluvial aquifers using multivariate statistical technique and hydrogeochemical modeling: a case study in Rayong province, eastern Thailand. Environ Geochem Health 43, 537–566 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00728-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00728-7

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