Volatilization Behavior of Manganese from Molten Steel with Different Alloying Methods in Vacuum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Vacuum Experiment Procedure
2.3. Sample Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Thermodynamic Analysis
3.2. Effects of Alloying Methods on the Manganese Volatilization
3.3. Analysis of Manganese Volatile Phase
4. Conclusions
- With the increase of manganese content, the partial vapor pressure of manganese component increased, resulting in manganese components being easily volatilized from molten steel. Moreover, the greater the carbon content in the steel, the lower the partial vapor pressure of manganese component. However, the partial vapor pressure of manganese component is not influenced by the silicon content in molten steel, which is depends on the value of the interaction coefficient.
- As a result, an obvious decrease trend of manganese content in the steel under vacuum process with time can be found. Compared with the alloying method of high-carbon ferromanganese, the volatilization loss of manganese in the alloying method of silicon manganese presents faster decay. The observed results were in good agreement with thermodynamic analysis.
- The volatile fraction generated in alloying method of high-carbon ferromanganese is composed of a large amount of MnO nanorods with a lateral length approximately 500 nm and a small number of Mn3O4/Mn nanoparticles with diameter less than 500 nm. Meanwhile, the volatile fraction generated in alloying method of silicon manganese shows Mn3O4 nanoparticles as the main phase. It can be inferred that the existence of the manganese oxide phase is attributed to the high chemical activity of nanoscale particles in air.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | (C) | (Si) | (Mn) | (P) | (S) | (Al) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IF steel | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.137 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.036 |
High-carbon ferromanganese | ≤8.0 | ≤2.0 | 75.0 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.05 | - |
Silicon manganese | ≤1.8 | 20.5 | 77.2 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.04 | - |
No. | IF Steel (kg) | High-Carbon Ferromanganese (kg) | Silicon Manganese (kg) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.5 | - | 0.781 |
2 | 4.54 | 0.838 | - |
Composition | (C) | (Si) | (Mn) | (P) | (S) | (Al) | (Ti) | T. O | (N) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mn-1% | 0.01 | 0.005 | 2 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.036 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Mn-3% | 0.01 | 0.005 | 3 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.036 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Mn-5% | 0.01 | 0.005 | 5 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.036 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Mn-7% | 0.01 | 0.005 | 7 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.036 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Mn-9% | 0.01 | 0.005 | 9 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.036 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Mn-11% | 0.01 | 0.005 | 11 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.036 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Mn-13% | 0.01 | 0.005 | 13 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.036 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Composition | (C) | (Si) | (Mn) | (P) | (S) | (Al) | (Ti) | T. O | (N) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mn | −0.07 | 0 | 0 | −0.0035 | −0.048 | 0 | 0 | −0.083 | −0.091 |
Alloying Methods | Holding Time (min) | (C) | (Mn) | (Al) | (Si) | (P) | (S) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High-carbon ferromanganese | 0 | 0.838 | 11.337 | 0.016 | 0.064 | 0.039 | 0.005 |
20 | 0.815 | 10.185 | 0.011 | 0.085 | 0.041 | 0.006 | |
40 | 0.797 | 9.184 | 0.063 | 0.097 | 0.040 | 0.006 | |
60 | 0.770 | 8.410 | 0.075 | 0.099 | 0.042 | 0.006 | |
Silicon manganese | 0 | 0.294 | 11.051 | 0.180 | 2.641 | 0.033 | 0.008 |
20 | 0.272 | 8.950 | 0.189 | 2.671 | 0.036 | 0.008 | |
40 | 0.246 | 8.532 | 0.223 | 2.622 | 0.033 | 0.007 | |
60 | 0.238 | 7.921 | 0.229 | 2.620 | 0.034 | 0.007 |
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Chu, J.; Bao, Y. Volatilization Behavior of Manganese from Molten Steel with Different Alloying Methods in Vacuum. Metals 2020, 10, 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101348
Chu J, Bao Y. Volatilization Behavior of Manganese from Molten Steel with Different Alloying Methods in Vacuum. Metals. 2020; 10(10):1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101348
Chicago/Turabian StyleChu, Jianhua, and Yanping Bao. 2020. "Volatilization Behavior of Manganese from Molten Steel with Different Alloying Methods in Vacuum" Metals 10, no. 10: 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101348