Abstract
Groundwater resources are often the main source of drinking water for remote communities, but they are increasingly found to be unsuitable, and a source of ill health in many parts of the world. High annual rainfall in monsoonal regions makes rainwater harvesting an attractive alternative, but lack of infrastructure for capturing and storing sufficient quantities is often restrictive. This study focuses on the coastal region of Bangladesh where groundwater supplying tubewells are progressively found to contain arsenic and high salinity, and where cyclones are a common cause of damage to infrastructure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of a village scale rainwater harvesting scheme as a solution to water security concerns. Analysis of various size rainwater storage systems (RSS) is conducted using daily rainfall data from Khulna Station in Bangladesh. It was found that a village scale RSS with 3 m deep and 100 m by 100 m surface area could supply 100 L/p/d for 85% of the year. The reliability could feasibly be increased to 100% with seasonal water restrictions. The village scale RSS is compared with an individual household level RSS. Advantages of the village scale RSS include the opportunity for improved management and water quality monitoring, and the potential for public-private partnerships. The proposed methodology can be adapted to other monsoonal delta regions to enhance water supply.
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Acknowledgments
Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support by Western Sydney University, Australia, Dr. Md. Sabur Khan, Chairman of Daffodil International University for his kind support in DIU, Dr. Kazi Ali Azam, former Additional Chief Engineer to Bangladesh’s Water Supply and Sewerage Authority, Engr. A H M Kausher, Former Chief Engineer to Bangladesh’s Water Development Board, Md Ashraf Hossain, Ministry of Planning, Mahin Al Nahian, and Ali Ahmed of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) deserve a special mention for their support and valuable insights. I would also like to thank Darimi Barshat from North South University for help in translating and transcription of various interviews and documents from Bengali to English. The Bangladesh Bureaus of Meteorology is acknowledged for providing rainfall data.
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Conceptualization, methodology software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, Caleb Christian Amos; writing—review and editing, supervision, further investigation, resources, data curation, and updating some parts, Amir Ahmed and Ataur Rahman.
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Amos, C.C., Ahmed, A. & Rahman, A. Sustainability in Water Provision in Rural Communities: the Feasibility of a Village Scale Rainwater Harvesting Scheme. Water Resour Manage 34, 4633–4647 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020-02679-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020-02679-1