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Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composite reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotube and titanium dioxide hybrid fillers

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Abstract

A suitable material for wind turbine blades has promoted great interest in carbon-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites as they are flexible, lightweight, and mechanically robust. However, these carbon-based fillers deteriorate the thermal and mechanical properties in the long run due to the high agglomeration of the nanoparticles. In addition to that, these fillers also increase the production cost because of the chemical treatment conducted on the fillers. Therefore, a new approach is essential for maintaining the mechanical and thermal properties without using expensive chemical treatment in a low-cost platform. In this work, we present low agglomeration with even distribution of reinforcing fillers in the TPU matrix and robust mechanical and thermal properties by incorporating TiO2 in the carbon-based TPU matrix (TiO2/MWCNT/TPU), without inclusion of costly chemical treatments. TiO2 improves morphology due to the low valency of Ti2+, which may decrease the particle size and thus, reduces agglomeration. Moreover, the enhanced morphology assists in sustaining the rigidity of its molecular structure at high temperatures. The composite also reveals excellent mechanical properties of high tensile stress (4.46 MPa), more extended elongation at break (49%), and high Young's Modulus (9.17 MPa). The thermal analysis using DMA and TGA revealed that the sample TiO2/MWCNT/TPU is a good heat insulator and has a high glass transition temperature compared to the neat TPU indicating its ability to sustain rigidity at high temperatures overall, this composite can perform in elevated weather conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Institute of Sustainable Energy of UNITEN and MOHE for the lab facilities and financial supports from the UNITEN BOLD grant (Grant number: 10436494/B/20191) and MOHE grant (Grant number: 20190111FRGS). Special thanks to those who contributed directly or indirectly to this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Abreeza Manap & Savisha Mahalingam

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Rajeswaran Vaithylingam

  3. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Huda Abdullah

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  1. Abreeza Manap
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Manap, A., Mahalingam, S., Vaithylingam, R. et al. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composite reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotube and titanium dioxide hybrid fillers. Polym. Bull. 78, 5815–5832 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03393-z

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