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Optimally configured convolutional neural network for Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition by improved lion optimization model

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Abstract

In recent data, Optical character recognition (OCR) systems have laid hands in the field of most popular language recognitions. Unlike other languages, the Tamil language is more complex to recognize, and hence considerable efforts have been laid in literature. However, the models are not yet well-organized for precise recognition of Tamil characters. Thus, the current research work develops a novel Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition approach by following two major processes, viz. pre-processing and recognition. The pre-processing phase encloses RGB to grayscale conversion, binarization with thresholding, image complementation, morphological operations, and linearization. Subsequently, the pre-processed image after linearization is subjected to recognition via an optimally configured Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). More particularly, the fully connected layer and weights are fine-tuned by a new Self Adaptive Lion Algorithm (SALA) that is the conceptual improvement of the standard Lion Algorithm (LA). The performance of the proposed work is compared and proved over other state-of-the-art models with respect to certain performance measures.

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Abbreviations

OCR:

Optical Character Recognition

TCR:

Tamil Character Recognition

CNN:

Convolutional Neural Network

LA:

Lion Algorithm

SALA:

Self Adaptive Lion Algorithm

HTCR:

Handwritten Tamil Character Recognition

MK:

Markedness

ANN:

Artificial Neural Network

EHO:

Elephant Herding Optimization

EHO-NN:

Elephant Herding Optimization With Neural Network

RNN:

Recurrent Neural Network

SVM:

Support Vector Machine

FPR:

False Positive Rate

FNR:

False Negative Rate

FOR:

False Omission Rate

FDR:

False Discovery Rate

BM:

Bookmaker Informedness

MCC:

Matthews Correlation Coefficient

NPV:

Negative Predictive Value

HCCR:

Handwritten Chinese Characters Recognition

PCA:

Principal Component Analysis

KNN:

Kohonen neural network

NFC-Ntt:

Non-Fully-Connected Network

SOM:

Self Organizing Map

SBIR:

Sketch-Based Image Retrieval

FC:

Fully Connected

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ECE/ Information and Communication Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Anna University, Sriperumbudur, India

    R. Babitha Lincy

  2. ECE, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Pennalur, Tamilnadu, 602117, India

    R. Gayathri

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  1. R. Babitha Lincy
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  2. R. Gayathri
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Correspondence to R. Babitha Lincy.

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Lincy, R.B., Gayathri, R. Optimally configured convolutional neural network for Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition by improved lion optimization model. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 5917–5943 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09771-z

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