Abstract
This study examines the artificial influence of increasing the SST resolution on the storm track over the North Pacific in ERA-Interim. Along with the mesoscale oceanic eddies and fronts resolved during the high-resolution-SST period, the low-level storm track strengthens northward, reaching more than 30% of the maximum values in the low-resolution-SST period after removing the influence of ENSO. The mesoscale structure firstly imprints on the marine atmospheric boundary layer, which then leads to changes in turbulent heat flux and near-surface convergence, forcing a secondary circulation into the free atmosphere, strengthening the vertical eddy heat, momentum and specific humidity fluxes, and contributing to the enhancement of the storm track. Results from a high-resolution atmospheric model further indicate the changes in the storm track due to the mesoscale SST and their relationship.
摘要
本文研究了ERA-Interim资料中海温分辨率的提高对北太平洋风暴轴的人为影响。在海温高分辨率时期,海洋中尺度涡旋和海洋锋能够被更好地识别出来。风暴轴的差异主要表现为向北增强,相对于低分辨率时期去除ENSO影响后的风暴轴的最大值,增强了约30%。提高海温分辨率影响风暴轴的机制可以概括为:在高分辨率时期,海洋的中尺度结构会影响海气边界层,导致湍流热通量的改变以及近表层风场的辐合,从而激发出次级环流。异常的垂直运动不仅仅局限在边界层内,还会突破边界层影响到自由大气,并增强了垂直方向上天气尺度涡旋热量、动量及水汽通量。大气中水汽和热量增加,使得黑潮-亲潮延伸体区域内大气斜压性增强,有利于通过斜压能量转换过程增强涡旋动能,从而使得局地风暴轴的强度增强。此外,本文利用高分辨率模式的试验结果也进一步暗示了中尺度海温可能是引起风暴轴改变的重要原因。
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by National Key R&D Program for Developing Basic Sciences (2018YFA0605703, 2016YFC1401401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41490642, 41776030, 41806034, 4160501) and the research project of the National University of Defense Technology (ZK20-45 and ZK17-02-010). HL and PL acknowledge the technical support from the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility “ (EarthLab). The ERA-Interim data were obtained from the ECMWF at http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-daily/.
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Article Highlights
• Artificially increasing the SST resolution in ERA-Interim results in a northward strengthening of the storm track.
• Due to resolving oceanic eddies, mesoscale imprints are found at the surface and the associated impact could penetrate into the free atmosphere.
• The results have important implications for determining the influence of SST resolution on the storm track and climate.
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Zhang, C., Liu, H., Xie, J. et al. Impacts of Increased SST Resolution on the North Pacific Storm Track in ERA-Interim. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1256–1266 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0072-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0072-0